Currency manipulator

The term ‘currency manipulator’ is a designation given by the USA to countries engaging in ‘unfair currency practices’ that give them advantages in trade. Recently, the US administration labelled Vietnam and Switzerland as currency manipulators. Earlier this year, the US removed the designation for China. 3 criteria are used for such designation: number and size of interventions by the country in forex markets to influence currency value, large trade surpluses with the USA and large surpluses in its current account with the world.