World Geography
- Introduction to Geography
- Branches of Geography (Systematic and Regional Geography)
- Economic Geography
- Origin of the Earth
- Big Bang Theory
- Solstices and Equinoxes
- Longitude and Time
- The Moon
- Eclipses
- Solar Radiation, Heat Budget and Temperature
- Temperature Anomaly or Thermal Anomaly
- Distance of the Earth from the Sun
- Inversion of Temperature
- Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
- Seasonal Distribution of Pressure
- The Westerlies
- Local Winds
- Monsoon Winds
- Jet Stream
- Wind direction and Wind Velocity
- Cyclones
- Atmospheric Moisture
- Clouds
- Rainfall
- Dry Climates
- Climate
- Hydrosphere
- The Pacific Ocean
- The Atlantic Ocean
- The Indian Ocean
- Temperature of Ocean Waters
- Ocean Waves
- Currents of the Pacific Ocean
- Currents of the Atlantic Ocean
- Currents of the Indian Ocean
- Effects of Ocean Currents
- Rivers and Lakes
- Lakes
- Lithosphere
- Rocks
- Landforms
- Plains
- Landforms of Second Order (Mountains, Plateaus and Plains)
- Geomorphic Processes
- Volcanoes
- Faulting
- Earthquakes
- External forces of Weathering
- Landforms made by rivers
- Alluvial Cones and Alluvial Fans
- Landforms made by Glaciers
- Landforms Made By Wind
- Landforms Made By Sea Waves
- Soil
- Soil Taxonomy or Classification
- Distribution of Population
- World Population’Growth and Distribution
- Population Structure
- Population Problems of Developing Countries
- Population Problems of Developed Countries
- Rural Settlements
- Urban Settlements
- Migration
- Consequences of Migration
- Economic Geography
- Natural Resources
- Pastoralism
- Agriculture
- Various Forms of Agriculture: From Commercial Grain Farming to Nomadic Herding
- Climatic Regions of India
- Rhythm of Seasons
- The Rainy Season
- Indian Monsoonal Regime
- Elnino, La Nina and Southern Oscillation
- Climate
- The Peninsular Rivers
- Ganga Drainage System
- Drainage System
- The Peninsular Plateau
- Geology
- India in the Eastern World
- Indian Geography
- Communication
- Air Transport
- Water Transport
- Rail Network in the World
- Commercial Crops
- Himalayas and Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain
- Major Crops
- Plantation Crops
- Fruits, Vegetable and Spices
- Mineral Resources
- Important Minerals of the World
- Conventional Sources of Energy
- Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
- Manufacturing’Industries
- Engineering Industries
- Factory Farming
- Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
- Forest Policy and Conservation
- Soils
- Soil Degradation
- Soil Conservation
- Intensity of Cropping
- Crop Seasons
- Livestock
- Dairy Sector, Poultry farming and Fishing
- Silk Textile Industry
- Jute Textiles
- Manufacturing Industries
- Major Thermal Power Stations in India
- Hydroelectricity and Thermal Power
- Important Source of Energy
- Energy Resources
- Mineral Resources
- Mineral Resources 2
- Irrigation
- Iron and Steel Industry
- Metals Smelting
- Industrial Machinery
- Railway Equipment
- Different Industries
- Drugs, Pharmaceutical and Forest Based Industries
- Transport and Communications
- Factors Affecting Railways
- National Highways
- Distribution of Railways
- Growth of Population
- Highways and Roadways
- National Waterways of India
- Major Ports
- Air Transport
- Communications
- Satellite Communication
- Population
- Density of Population
- Urbanisation
- Urban Area
- Literacy
- Religious Composition
- Sex Ratio
- Trade relations between England and India
- Company’s Regime
- Rule of the British Government
- Indian National Movement
- Languages in India
- Technical Education
- Government Debt Report
- Major Changes Proposed in Basel III over Basel I and Basel II
- Parliamentary Panel Proposes Regulations to Curb Anti-Competitive Practices in Digital Markets
- What is a Blizzard?
- Apollo 7
- Archaeological Survey of India
- Important World Geographers
- Important Geographers From India
- Introduction To Astronomy
- The universe
- Big Bang Theory & other theories
- Expansion of universe (cosmic radiation, hubble constant, doppler effect)
- Black Holes
- Detection of Black Holes
- Types of black Holes
- Structure of Black Holes
- Number and Properties of Black Holes
- Wormholes
- Cosmic Strings
- Dark matter & its compositions
- Dark energy & its compositions
- Galaxies
- Types of Galaxies
- Dwarf Galaxies
- Distribution of Galaxies
- Group, Clusters and Superclusters of Galaxies
- Milky Way Galaxy
- Movement of Earth within Milky Way Galaxy
- Neighbors of Milky Way Galaxy
- View of Milky Way From Earth
- Andromeda Galaxy
- Radio Galaxies
- Large/Small Magellanic Clouds
- Interstellar Medium
- Nebula
- Types of Nebulae
- Quasars
- Stars
- Structure of Stars
- Asterism
- Closest Stars to Earth
- Formation of Stars and Stellar Evolution
- Factors Influencing Evolution of Stars
- Sun’s Future as A Red Giant
- Nova and Supernova
- Neutron Stars
- X Ray Star
- Binary Star
- Solar System (Formation and Basics)
- Size and Composition of Solar System
- Sun
- Structure of Sun
- Mass and Composition of Sun
- Rotation of Sun
- Planets (Basics)
- Planetary Rings
- Terrestrial Planets/Inner Planets
- Gas Giants/Outer Planets
- Mercury (Important Facts)
- Venus
- Mars (Basics & Moons)
- Ice Caps of Mars
- Martian Meteoroid ALH84001 of Mars
- Possibility of Life on Mars
- Jupiter (Basics)
- The Great Red Spot of Jupiter
- The Rings of Jupiter
- The Moons of Jupiter
- Effect of Jupiter on Life of Earth
- Protection of Inner Solar System by Jupiter
- Saturn (Basics)
- The Ring System of Saturn
- The Moons of Saturn
- Uranus
- Neptune
- Kuiper Belt & its Objects
- Plutionos
- Asteroids (Origin and Numbers)
- Asteroids Belt
- Comets (Origin & Basics)
- Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9
- Meteorite & Meteors
- Sources of Meteors & Meteorites
- Types of Meteorites
- Meteor Showers
- Cosmic Rays
- Sources of Cosmic Rays
- Earth Basics (Formation & Evolution)
- Earth’s Location in the Universe
- The Four Motions of Earth
- The Precession Movement
- Solar Day (Apparent, Mean and Sidereal)
- Earth’s Tilt
- Tidal Acceleration
- Global Glacier Rebound
- Pulsar
- Seasons (Occurring & Earth Revolution)
- Solstice
- Uttarayan and Dakshinayan
- Equinox
- Perihelion & Aphelion
- Perigee & Apogee
- Eclipse (Basics & Frequency)
- Lunar Eclipse
- Solar Eclipse
- How can Moon block Sun so perfectly during an Eclipse?
- Geodesy (Introduction)
- The Great Circle
- Latitudes
- Longitudes
- Radius and Circumference of Earth
- Structure of Earth
- Earth’s Crust (compositions, continental & oceanic crust, spheres)
- Conrad Discontinuity
- Earth’s Mantle (Composition, Sections)
- Convective Material Circulation of Earth’s Mantle
- Earth’s Core (Formation, Compositions, Sections)
- Discovery of Earth’s Core
- Density of Various Earth’s Layers
- Earth’s Magnetic Field (Formation and Basics)
- Protection of Earth’s Lives by Magnetic Field
- Reversal of Earth’s Magnetic Fields
- Intensity Gradient of the Geomagnetic Field
- Magnetic Dip
- Geomagnetic Equator
- Equatorial Electrojet
- Earth’s Magnetosphere (Basics, Structure)
- Magnetopause, Magnetotail & Geomagnetic Poles
- Van Allen Belts
- Magnetospheric Storms
- Plate Tectonics (Introduction)
- Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis: Evidence of Continental Drift (Continental Fit, Fossils, Coal Fields, Glacial Flow, Rock Similarities, Paleomagnetism)
- Movement of Plate Tectonics
- Seafloor Spreading
- Subduction
- Faulting – Latest Updates (July, 2023)
- Faulting verses Folding
- The Lithospheric Plates System
- Plate Boundaries (Basics)
- Convergent Plate Boundaries (Ocean-Ocean, Island Volcanic Plate, Ocean-Continental, Continent-Continent)
- Divergent Plate Boundaries (Basics, Continental Rift Zones, Transform Plate Boundaries)
- Earthquakes – Latest Updates (July, 2023)
- Types of Earthquakes
- Foreshocks, Mainshocks, Aftershocks
- Hypocenter & Epicenter
- Mechanism of Tectonic Earthquakes (Divergent, Convergent & Transformational Movement)
- Earthquake Belts
- Magnitude and Earthquake’s Intensity
- Ritcher Scale
- Moment Magnitude Scale
- Shindo Scale
- Medvedev-S-K Scale
- Seismic Waves (Basics and Types)
- How Seismic Waves Define Earth’s Interiors?
- Seismic Waves Determining Epicenter
- The Shadow Zone of Earthquake
- Earthquakes in India (Reasons)
- Seismic Zoning of India
- History of Indian Earthquakes (Some Great Earthquakes)
- Liquefaction: Impact of Earthquake
- Volcanoes & Volcanism (Introduction)
- Types of Eruptions
- Types of Volcanoes (By Volcanic Eruption)
- Types of Volcanoes (By Periodicity of Eruption)
- Some Important Terms Related to Volcanoes – 1 (Tephra, Volcanic Bomb, Lapilli, Volcanic Ash)
- Some Important Terms Related to Volcanoes – 2 (Pillow Lava, Pyroclastic Rocks, Cinder Cone, Repose, Volcanic Explosivity Index)
- Pacific Ring of Fire
- Magma
- Formation of Magma
- Types of Magma
- Gases in Magma
- Does Geothermal Gradient Cause Melting of Rocks?
- Does Radioactive Heat Cause Melting of Rocks?
- Does Decrease in Pressure Causes Rock Melt?
- Does Addition of Water Cause Melting of Rocks?
- Tides (Introduction)
- Stages of Tides
- Spring Tides and Neap Tides
- Apogean Tides and Perigean Tides
- Daily Frequency of Tides
- Duration & Frequency of Daily Tides
- Impact on Tides if there was NO Moon?
- The Tides which are NOT Tides (Storm, Rip, Tsunami Tides)
- Important Terms Related to Tides (Tidal Datum, Tidal Flat, Tidal Range, Tidal Bore, Tidal Tides, Intertidal Zones, Tidal Power)
- Tidal Ports (Prevention of River Freezing and Siltation)
- Do Tides Affect Earth’s Magnetic Field?
- Why are there NO High and Low Tides at Equator?
- Use of Tides in Navigation
- Use of Tides in Fishing
- Megarelief (Introduction and Basics)
- The Three Orders of Megarelief
- Oceanography (Introduction)
- Ocean Relief & its Basic Features
- Some Major Points in Oceans of the World
- Types of Ocean Relief (Detailed)
- Lagoons
- Coral Reefs and Important Observations on it
- Beach
- Ocean/Marine Sediments
- Types of Marine Sediments
- Neritic and Pelagic Deposits
- Resources from Ocean Sediments
- Ocean Temperature
- Trend in Ocean Temperature
- Measurement of Temperature
- Layers of Temperature in Tropics
- Daily Range of Temperature
- Annual Range of Temperature
- Distribution Pattern of Temperature
- Nature of Ocean Temperature from Latitudes to Equator
- Types of Temperature Distribution (Horizontal and Vertical)
- Salinity of Ocean Water (Introduction)
- Factors Affecting Salinity of Water
- Horizontal Distribution of Salinity of Water
- Vertical Distribution of Salinity of Water
- Ocean Currents
- Origin of Ocean Currents
- Difference Between Ocean Drifts, Currents and Streams
- Warm and Cold Currents
- Surface and Deep Currents
- Important Currents of Atlantic Oceans (North Equatorial, South Equatorial, Equatorial Counter & Others)
- Relationship Between Ocean Currents and Global Surface Wind System
- Indian Ocean Currents
- Coriolis Force and its Effects on Ocean Currents
- Impact of Temperature on Ocean Currents
- Impact of Salinity on Ocean Currents
- Impact of Air Pressure and Winds on Ocean Currents
- Land Reliefs (Introduction and Basics)
- Geological Province (Introduction and Basics)
- Continental Shield
- Orogens and Introduction to Orogeny
- Types of Mountains (Volcanic, Folded, Fault-Block, Upwarped Mountains)
- Different Stages of Orogeny
- Plateaus
- Formation of Plateaus
- Types of Plateaus
- Importance of Plateaus
- Landforms (Meaning, Basics, Classification)
- Aeolian Landform (Types, Formation and More)
- Fluvial Landforms (Formation, Agents & More)
- Erosional Landforms (Formation, Types, Features & More)
- Coastal and Oceanic Landforms (Types, Features, Examples etc)
- Formation of Coastal Landforms
- Volcanic Landforms (Formation & More)
- Mountain and Glacier Landform (Types, Formation & More)
- Slope Landforms (Formation, Features & More)
- Rocks & Minerals (Formation & Basics)
- Igneous Rocks (Types, Sources and Examples)
- Sedimentary Rocks (Types, Sources and Examples)
- Metamorphic Rocks (Types, Sources and Examples)
- Limestone
- Types of Limestones
- Distribution of Limestone
- Other Sedimentary Rocks with Detailed Explanations (Chert, Gypsum, Hydrocarbon, Rock Salt)
- Exogenic Forces Affecting Landforms
- Endogenic Forces Affecting Land Forms/Formation
- Weathering
- Types of Weathering
- Physical Weathering Detailed Explanation(Thermal Shock, Frost Action, Exfoliation, Hydraulic Actions, Salt Crystallization)
- Biological Weathering: Detailed
- Chemical Weathering (Hydration, Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Solutions, Carbonation)
- Mass Wasting (Meaning, Reasons & More)
- Types of Mass Wasting (Creeps, Landslides, Flow, Topples, Falls, Slump)
- Induced Mass Wasting
- Erosion
- Soil Composition
- Nature of Soil
- What is Soil Made Of?
- Humus
- Soil Texture
- Sandy Soil (Type of soil)
- Clayey Soil (Soil Type)
- Loamy Soil (Soil Type)
- Silt Soil (Soil Type)
- Soil pH
- Increasing & Decreasing Soil pH
- The Problem of Alkaline Soil and its Gypsum Treatment
- Soil Air & Its Importance
- Soil Fertility
- Soil Horizon (O, A, B, C & R Horizons)
- Soil Taxonomy
- Types of Soil Taxonomy
- Earth Atmosphere (Introduction)
- Composition of Atmosphere
- Troposphere & Tropopause
- Stratosphere & Stratopause
- Mesosphere & Mesopause
- Ionosphere/Thermosphere
- Concept of Aurora
- Exosphere
- Atmosphere and Insolation
- Effect of Atmosphere on Solar Radiation
- Radiation as a Method of Heat Transfer
- Convection as a Source of Heat Transfer
- Conduction as a Source of Heat Transfer
- Advection as a Source of Heat Transfer
- Latent Heat of Condensation
- Earth’s Albedo
- Earth Energy Budget
- Distribution of Temperature (Introduction)
- The Three Broad Temperature Zones
- Patterns of Global Isotherms
- Daily Variation of Temperature
- Annual Temperature Range
- Atmospheric Pressure (Introduction and Basics)
- Pressure Belts of Earth
- Creation of Pressure Belt
- Intertropical Convergence Zone (Doldrums)
- Subtropical High/Horse Latitude
- North & South Belt Regions
- Global Winds (Introduction, Easterlies, Westerlies, Geotropic Winds, Coriolis Effect)
- Trade Winds (Detailed)
- Westerlies (Detailed)
- Polar Easterlies
- Local Winds (Introduction & Features)
- Local Winds Near Mountains
- List of Major Local Winds
- Monsoon Mechanism (Traditional View)
- Monsoon Mechanism (Modern View)
- Rainfall (Introduction & Basics)
- Cooling (Adiabatic, Convectional, Radiational & Evaporative)
- Convectional Rainfall
- Cyclonic/Frontal Rainfall
- Orographic Rainfall
- Distribution of Rainfall
- Air Mass
- Impact of Airmass Movement on Weather & Winds
- Fronts
- Frontogenesis & Frontolysis
- Types of Fronts (Cold, Warm, Occluded)
- Cyclones
- Formation of Cyclones
- Difference between Tropical and Extra-Tropical Cyclone
- Tropical Cyclone (Detailed: Formation, Distribution, Stadium Effect, Movement of Clouds)
- Types of Tropical Cyclones (Tropical Depression, Storm & Cyclone)
- Impact of Tropical Cyclone over Land & Cold Water
- Fujiwhara Effect
- Project Stormfury
- Naming of Cyclones
- Anti-Cyclones
- Temperate Cyclones
- Tornado
- Formation of Tornado
- Detection of Tornado
- What is Fujita Scale?
- What is Torro Scale?
- Infrasonic Signature of Tornadoes
- Electromagnetic Spectrum and Tornadoes
- Geological History of India
- India’s Rock Formation (Stratigraphy)
- Mineral Resources of India & its Position in World
- The Gondwana Coal Deposits of India
- The Tertiary Coal Deposits of India
- List of Coal Mines of India (Gondwana Coalfields)
- List of Coal Mines of India (Tertiary Coalfields)
- Climate of India (Introduction & Basics)
- Factors Affecting the Climate of India
- Summer Monsoon India
- Winter Monsoon in India
- Seasons in India (Summer, Winter, Post-Monsoon, North-Eastern and South-Western Monsoon)
- Distribution of Rainfall in India
- Impact of El Niño/La Niña–Southern Oscillation
- ENSO
- Impact of El Niño/La Niña on Indian Weather
- Impact of El Niño/La Niña on Entire Tropical Region
- Soil in India (Introduction, Historical Context and Classification, Types in India)
- Black Soil (Detailed)
- Alluvial Soil
- Arid Soil
- Laterite Soil
- Red and Yellow Soils
- Peaty Soils
- Forest Soil
- Saline Soil
- List of Major Soils and Crops Grown in Them (India)
- Soil Degradation
- Causes of Soil Degradation
- Consequences of Soil Degradation
- Soil Desiccation & Soil Loss
- Soil Erosion
- Splash Erosion
- Sheet Erosion
- Rill Erosion
- Gully Erosion
- Ways to Prevent Soil Degradation
- The Extent of Himalayan Mountains
- Himalayan Oregeny
- Major Mountain Passes of Himalayas
- Major Peaks of the Himalayas
- The Geographical Classification of the Himalaya System
- The Regional Classification of the Himalaya System
- The Geological Classification of the Himalaya System
- Eastern vs Western Himalayas
- The Northern vs Southern slopes of Himalayas
- The Great Plains of India (Intro & Basics)
- The Bhabar Belt
- The Tarai Belt
- Places in news
- India’s Future in Quaternary & Higher Economic Activities
- India’s Situation in the Economic Activities
- Classification of Manufacturing Industries
- Foot-Loose Industries
- Factors Affecting Industrial Location
- Concept of Dry-Land Farming
- Mixed Farming