World Geography
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Introduction to Geography
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Branches of Geography (Systematic and Regional Geography)
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Economic Geography
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Origin of the Earth
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Big Bang Theory
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Solstices and Equinoxes
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Longitude and Time
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The Moon
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Eclipses
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Solar Radiation, Heat Budget and Temperature
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Temperature Anomaly or Thermal Anomaly
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Distance of the Earth from the Sun
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Inversion of Temperature
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Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
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Seasonal Distribution of Pressure
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The Westerlies
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Local Winds
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Monsoon Winds
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Jet Stream
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Wind direction and Wind Velocity
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Cyclones
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Atmospheric Moisture
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Clouds
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Rainfall
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Dry Climates
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Climate
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Hydrosphere
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The Pacific Ocean
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The Atlantic Ocean
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The Indian Ocean
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Temperature of Ocean Waters
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Ocean Waves
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Currents of the Pacific Ocean
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Currents of the Atlantic Ocean
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Currents of the Indian Ocean
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Effects of Ocean Currents
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Rivers and Lakes
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Lakes
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Lithosphere
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Rocks
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Landforms
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Plains
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Landforms of Second Order (Mountains, Plateaus and Plains)
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Geomorphic Processes
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Volcanoes
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Faulting
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Earthquakes
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External forces of Weathering
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Landforms made by rivers
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Alluvial Cones and Alluvial Fans
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Landforms made by Glaciers
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Landforms Made By Wind
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Landforms Made By Sea Waves
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Soil
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Soil Taxonomy or Classification
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Distribution of Population
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World Population’Growth and Distribution
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Population Structure
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Population Problems of Developing Countries
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Population Problems of Developed Countries
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Rural Settlements
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Urban Settlements
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Migration
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Consequences of Migration
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Economic Geography
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Natural Resources
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Pastoralism
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Agriculture
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Various Forms of Agriculture: From Commercial Grain Farming to Nomadic Herding
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Climatic Regions of India
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Rhythm of Seasons
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The Rainy Season
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Indian Monsoonal Regime
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Elnino, La Nina and Southern Oscillation
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Climate
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The Peninsular Rivers
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Ganga Drainage System
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Drainage System
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The Peninsular Plateau
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Geology
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India in the Eastern World
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Indian Geography
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Communication
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Air Transport
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Water Transport
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Rail Network in the World
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Commercial Crops
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Himalayas and Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain
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Major Crops
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Plantation Crops
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Fruits, Vegetable and Spices
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Mineral Resources
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Important Minerals of the World
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Conventional Sources of Energy
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Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
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Manufacturing’Industries
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Engineering Industries
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Factory Farming
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Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
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Forest Policy and Conservation
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Soils
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Soil Degradation
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Soil Conservation
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Intensity of Cropping
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Crop Seasons
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Livestock
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Dairy Sector, Poultry farming and Fishing
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Silk Textile Industry
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Jute Textiles
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Manufacturing Industries
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Major Thermal Power Stations in India
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Hydroelectricity and Thermal Power
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Important Source of Energy
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Energy Resources
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Mineral Resources
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Mineral Resources 2
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Irrigation
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Iron and Steel Industry
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Metals Smelting
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Industrial Machinery
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Railway Equipment
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Different Industries
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Drugs, Pharmaceutical and Forest Based Industries
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Transport and Communications
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Factors Affecting Railways
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National Highways
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Distribution of Railways
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Growth of Population
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Highways and Roadways
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National Waterways of India
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Major Ports
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Air Transport
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Communications
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Satellite Communication
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Population
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Density of Population
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Urbanisation
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Urban Area
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Literacy
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Religious Composition
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Sex Ratio
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Trade relations between England and India
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Company’s Regime
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Rule of the British Government
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Indian National Movement
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Languages in India
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Technical Education
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Government Debt Report
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Major Changes Proposed in Basel III over Basel I and Basel II
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Parliamentary Panel Proposes Regulations to Curb Anti-Competitive Practices in Digital Markets
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What is a Blizzard?
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Apollo 7
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Archaeological Survey of India
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Important World Geographers
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Important Geographers From India
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Introduction To Astronomy
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The universe
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Big Bang Theory & other theories
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Expansion of universe (cosmic radiation, hubble constant, doppler effect)
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Black Holes
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Detection of Black Holes
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Types of black Holes
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Structure of Black Holes
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Number and Properties of Black Holes
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Wormholes
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Cosmic Strings
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Dark matter & its compositions
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Dark energy & its compositions
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Galaxies
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Types of Galaxies
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Dwarf Galaxies
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Distribution of Galaxies
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Group, Clusters and Superclusters of Galaxies
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Milky Way Galaxy
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Movement of Earth within Milky Way Galaxy
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Neighbors of Milky Way Galaxy
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View of Milky Way From Earth
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Andromeda Galaxy
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Radio Galaxies
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Large/Small Magellanic Clouds
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Interstellar Medium
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Nebula
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Types of Nebulae
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Quasars
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Stars
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Structure of Stars
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Asterism
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Closest Stars to Earth
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Formation of Stars and Stellar Evolution
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Factors Influencing Evolution of Stars
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Sun’s Future as A Red Giant
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Nova and Supernova
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Neutron Stars
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X Ray Star
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Binary Star
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Solar System (Formation and Basics)
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Size and Composition of Solar System
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Sun
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Structure of Sun
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Mass and Composition of Sun
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Rotation of Sun
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Planets (Basics)
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Planetary Rings
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Terrestrial Planets/Inner Planets
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Gas Giants/Outer Planets
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Mercury (Important Facts)
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Venus
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Mars (Basics & Moons)
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Ice Caps of Mars
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Martian Meteoroid ALH84001 of Mars
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Possibility of Life on Mars
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Jupiter (Basics)
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The Great Red Spot of Jupiter
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The Rings of Jupiter
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The Moons of Jupiter
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Effect of Jupiter on Life of Earth
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Protection of Inner Solar System by Jupiter
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Saturn (Basics)
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The Ring System of Saturn
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The Moons of Saturn
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Uranus
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Neptune
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Kuiper Belt & its Objects
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Plutionos
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Asteroids (Origin and Numbers)
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Asteroids Belt
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Comets (Origin & Basics)
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Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9
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Meteorite & Meteors
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Sources of Meteors & Meteorites
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Types of Meteorites
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Meteor Showers
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Cosmic Rays
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Sources of Cosmic Rays
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Earth Basics (Formation & Evolution)
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Earth’s Location in the Universe
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The Four Motions of Earth
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The Precession Movement
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Solar Day (Apparent, Mean and Sidereal)
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Earth’s Tilt
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Tidal Acceleration
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Global Glacier Rebound
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Pulsar
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Seasons (Occurring & Earth Revolution)
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Solstice
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Uttarayan and Dakshinayan
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Equinox
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Perihelion & Aphelion
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Perigee & Apogee
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Eclipse (Basics & Frequency)
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Lunar Eclipse
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Solar Eclipse
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How can Moon block Sun so perfectly during an Eclipse?
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Geodesy (Introduction)
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The Great Circle
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Latitudes
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Longitudes
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Radius and Circumference of Earth
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Structure of Earth
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Earth’s Crust (compositions, continental & oceanic crust, spheres)
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Conrad Discontinuity
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Earth’s Mantle (Composition, Sections)
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Convective Material Circulation of Earth’s Mantle
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Earth’s Core (Formation, Compositions, Sections)
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Discovery of Earth’s Core
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Density of Various Earth’s Layers
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Earth’s Magnetic Field (Formation and Basics)
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Protection of Earth’s Lives by Magnetic Field
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Reversal of Earth’s Magnetic Fields
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Intensity Gradient of the Geomagnetic Field
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Magnetic Dip
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Geomagnetic Equator
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Equatorial Electrojet
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Earth’s Magnetosphere (Basics, Structure)
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Magnetopause, Magnetotail & Geomagnetic Poles
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Van Allen Belts
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Magnetospheric Storms
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Plate Tectonics (Introduction)
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Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis: Evidence of Continental Drift (Continental Fit, Fossils, Coal Fields, Glacial Flow, Rock Similarities, Paleomagnetism)
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Movement of Plate Tectonics
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Seafloor Spreading
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Subduction
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Faulting – Latest Updates (July, 2023)
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Faulting verses Folding
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The Lithospheric Plates System
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Plate Boundaries (Basics)
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Convergent Plate Boundaries (Ocean-Ocean, Island Volcanic Plate, Ocean-Continental, Continent-Continent)
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Divergent Plate Boundaries (Basics, Continental Rift Zones, Transform Plate Boundaries)
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Earthquakes – Latest Updates (July, 2023)
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Types of Earthquakes
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Foreshocks, Mainshocks, Aftershocks
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Hypocenter & Epicenter
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Mechanism of Tectonic Earthquakes (Divergent, Convergent & Transformational Movement)
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Earthquake Belts
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Magnitude and Earthquake’s Intensity
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Ritcher Scale
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Moment Magnitude Scale
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Shindo Scale
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Medvedev-S-K Scale
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Seismic Waves (Basics and Types)
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How Seismic Waves Define Earth’s Interiors?
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Seismic Waves Determining Epicenter
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The Shadow Zone of Earthquake
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Earthquakes in India (Reasons)
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Seismic Zoning of India
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History of Indian Earthquakes (Some Great Earthquakes)
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Liquefaction: Impact of Earthquake
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Volcanoes & Volcanism (Introduction)
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Types of Eruptions
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Types of Volcanoes (By Volcanic Eruption)
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Types of Volcanoes (By Periodicity of Eruption)
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Some Important Terms Related to Volcanoes – 1 (Tephra, Volcanic Bomb, Lapilli, Volcanic Ash)
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Some Important Terms Related to Volcanoes – 2 (Pillow Lava, Pyroclastic Rocks, Cinder Cone, Repose, Volcanic Explosivity Index)
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Pacific Ring of Fire
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Magma
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Formation of Magma
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Types of Magma
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Gases in Magma
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Does Geothermal Gradient Cause Melting of Rocks?
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Does Radioactive Heat Cause Melting of Rocks?
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Does Decrease in Pressure Causes Rock Melt?
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Does Addition of Water Cause Melting of Rocks?
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Tides (Introduction)
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Stages of Tides
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Spring Tides and Neap Tides
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Apogean Tides and Perigean Tides
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Daily Frequency of Tides
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Duration & Frequency of Daily Tides
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Impact on Tides if there was NO Moon?
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The Tides which are NOT Tides (Storm, Rip, Tsunami Tides)
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Important Terms Related to Tides (Tidal Datum, Tidal Flat, Tidal Range, Tidal Bore, Tidal Tides, Intertidal Zones, Tidal Power)
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Tidal Ports (Prevention of River Freezing and Siltation)
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Do Tides Affect Earth’s Magnetic Field?
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Why are there NO High and Low Tides at Equator?
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Use of Tides in Navigation
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Use of Tides in Fishing
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Megarelief (Introduction and Basics)
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The Three Orders of Megarelief
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Oceanography (Introduction)
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Ocean Relief & its Basic Features
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Some Major Points in Oceans of the World
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Types of Ocean Relief (Detailed)
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Lagoons
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Coral Reefs and Important Observations on it
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Beach
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Ocean/Marine Sediments
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Types of Marine Sediments
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Neritic and Pelagic Deposits
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Resources from Ocean Sediments
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Ocean Temperature
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Trend in Ocean Temperature
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Measurement of Temperature
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Layers of Temperature in Tropics
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Daily Range of Temperature
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Annual Range of Temperature
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Distribution Pattern of Temperature
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Nature of Ocean Temperature from Latitudes to Equator
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Types of Temperature Distribution (Horizontal and Vertical)
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Salinity of Ocean Water (Introduction)
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Factors Affecting Salinity of Water
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Horizontal Distribution of Salinity of Water
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Vertical Distribution of Salinity of Water
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Ocean Currents
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Origin of Ocean Currents
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Difference Between Ocean Drifts, Currents and Streams
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Warm and Cold Currents
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Surface and Deep Currents
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Important Currents of Atlantic Oceans (North Equatorial, South Equatorial, Equatorial Counter & Others)
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Relationship Between Ocean Currents and Global Surface Wind System
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Indian Ocean Currents
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Coriolis Force and its Effects on Ocean Currents
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Impact of Temperature on Ocean Currents
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Impact of Salinity on Ocean Currents
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Impact of Air Pressure and Winds on Ocean Currents
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Land Reliefs (Introduction and Basics)
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Geological Province (Introduction and Basics)
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Continental Shield
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Orogens and Introduction to Orogeny
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Types of Mountains (Volcanic, Folded, Fault-Block, Upwarped Mountains)
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Different Stages of Orogeny
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Plateaus
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Formation of Plateaus
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Types of Plateaus
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Importance of Plateaus
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Landforms (Meaning, Basics, Classification)
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Aeolian Landform (Types, Formation and More)
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Fluvial Landforms (Formation, Agents & More)
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Erosional Landforms (Formation, Types, Features & More)
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Coastal and Oceanic Landforms (Types, Features, Examples etc)
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Formation of Coastal Landforms
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Volcanic Landforms (Formation & More)
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Mountain and Glacier Landform (Types, Formation & More)
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Slope Landforms (Formation, Features & More)
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Rocks & Minerals (Formation & Basics)
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Igneous Rocks (Types, Sources and Examples)
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Sedimentary Rocks (Types, Sources and Examples)
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Metamorphic Rocks (Types, Sources and Examples)
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Limestone
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Types of Limestones
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Distribution of Limestone
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Other Sedimentary Rocks with Detailed Explanations (Chert, Gypsum, Hydrocarbon, Rock Salt)
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Exogenic Forces Affecting Landforms
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Endogenic Forces Affecting Land Forms/Formation
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Weathering
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Types of Weathering
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Physical Weathering Detailed Explanation(Thermal Shock, Frost Action, Exfoliation, Hydraulic Actions, Salt Crystallization)
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Biological Weathering: Detailed
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Chemical Weathering (Hydration, Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Solutions, Carbonation)
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Mass Wasting (Meaning, Reasons & More)
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Types of Mass Wasting (Creeps, Landslides, Flow, Topples, Falls, Slump)
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Induced Mass Wasting
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Erosion
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Soil Composition
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Nature of Soil
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What is Soil Made Of?
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Humus
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Soil Texture
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Sandy Soil (Type of soil)
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Clayey Soil (Soil Type)
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Loamy Soil (Soil Type)
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Silt Soil (Soil Type)
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Soil pH
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Increasing & Decreasing Soil pH
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The Problem of Alkaline Soil and its Gypsum Treatment
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Soil Air & Its Importance
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Soil Fertility
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Soil Horizon (O, A, B, C & R Horizons)
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Soil Taxonomy
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Types of Soil Taxonomy
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Earth Atmosphere (Introduction)
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Composition of Atmosphere
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Troposphere & Tropopause
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Stratosphere & Stratopause
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Mesosphere & Mesopause
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Ionosphere/Thermosphere
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Concept of Aurora
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Exosphere
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Atmosphere and Insolation
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Effect of Atmosphere on Solar Radiation
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Radiation as a Method of Heat Transfer
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Convection as a Source of Heat Transfer
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Conduction as a Source of Heat Transfer
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Advection as a Source of Heat Transfer
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Latent Heat of Condensation
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Earth’s Albedo
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Earth Energy Budget
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Distribution of Temperature (Introduction)
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The Three Broad Temperature Zones
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Patterns of Global Isotherms
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Daily Variation of Temperature
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Annual Temperature Range
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Atmospheric Pressure (Introduction and Basics)
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Pressure Belts of Earth
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Creation of Pressure Belt
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Intertropical Convergence Zone (Doldrums)
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Subtropical High/Horse Latitude
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North & South Belt Regions
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Global Winds (Introduction, Easterlies, Westerlies, Geotropic Winds, Coriolis Effect)
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Trade Winds (Detailed)
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Westerlies (Detailed)
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Polar Easterlies
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Local Winds (Introduction & Features)
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Local Winds Near Mountains
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List of Major Local Winds
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Monsoon Mechanism (Traditional View)
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Monsoon Mechanism (Modern View)
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Rainfall (Introduction & Basics)
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Cooling (Adiabatic, Convectional, Radiational & Evaporative)
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Convectional Rainfall
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Cyclonic/Frontal Rainfall
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Orographic Rainfall
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Distribution of Rainfall
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Air Mass
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Impact of Airmass Movement on Weather & Winds
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Fronts
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Frontogenesis & Frontolysis
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Types of Fronts (Cold, Warm, Occluded)
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Cyclones
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Formation of Cyclones
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Difference between Tropical and Extra-Tropical Cyclone
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Tropical Cyclone (Detailed: Formation, Distribution, Stadium Effect, Movement of Clouds)
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Types of Tropical Cyclones (Tropical Depression, Storm & Cyclone)
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Impact of Tropical Cyclone over Land & Cold Water
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Fujiwhara Effect
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Project Stormfury
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Naming of Cyclones
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Anti-Cyclones
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Temperate Cyclones
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Tornado
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Formation of Tornado
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Detection of Tornado
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What is Fujita Scale?
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What is Torro Scale?
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Infrasonic Signature of Tornadoes
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Electromagnetic Spectrum and Tornadoes
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Geological History of India
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India’s Rock Formation (Stratigraphy)
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Mineral Resources of India & its Position in World
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The Gondwana Coal Deposits of India
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The Tertiary Coal Deposits of India
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List of Coal Mines of India (Gondwana Coalfields)
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List of Coal Mines of India (Tertiary Coalfields)
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Climate of India (Introduction & Basics)
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Factors Affecting the Climate of India
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Summer Monsoon India
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Winter Monsoon in India
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Seasons in India (Summer, Winter, Post-Monsoon, North-Eastern and South-Western Monsoon)
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Distribution of Rainfall in India
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Impact of El Niño/La Niña–Southern Oscillation
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ENSO
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Impact of El Niño/La Niña on Indian Weather
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Impact of El Niño/La Niña on Entire Tropical Region
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Soil in India (Introduction, Historical Context and Classification, Types in India)
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Black Soil (Detailed)
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Alluvial Soil
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Arid Soil
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Laterite Soil
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Red and Yellow Soils
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Peaty Soils
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Forest Soil
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Saline Soil
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List of Major Soils and Crops Grown in Them (India)
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Soil Degradation
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Causes of Soil Degradation
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Consequences of Soil Degradation
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Soil Desiccation & Soil Loss
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Soil Erosion
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Splash Erosion
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Sheet Erosion
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Rill Erosion
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Gully Erosion
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Ways to Prevent Soil Degradation
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The Extent of Himalayan Mountains
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Himalayan Oregeny
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Major Mountain Passes of Himalayas
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Major Peaks of the Himalayas
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The Geographical Classification of the Himalaya System
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The Regional Classification of the Himalaya System
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The Geological Classification of the Himalaya System
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Eastern vs Western Himalayas
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The Northern vs Southern slopes of Himalayas
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The Great Plains of India (Intro & Basics)
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The Bhabar Belt
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The Tarai Belt
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Places in news
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India’s Future in Quaternary & Higher Economic Activities
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India’s Situation in the Economic Activities
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Classification of Manufacturing Industries
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Foot-Loose Industries
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Factors Affecting Industrial Location
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Concept of Dry-Land Farming
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Mixed Farming