The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) has recently sought advice from telecom companies and industry experts looking at the anticipated sale and usage of the radio frequency spectrum over the next 10 years. The consultation is looking closely at 5G (Fifth Generation) bands, marking a significant milestone in the implementation of this advanced technology.
Features of 5G Technology
The 5G networks will primarily utilise the millimetre wave spectrum (30-300 GHz). This spectrums allows for large amounts of data to be transmitted at incredibly fast speeds due to high frequencies that experience little interference from surrounding signals. In fact, testing of high-band spectrum 5G has shown internet speeds as high as 20 Gbps (gigabits per second). This contrasts heavily with the maximum internet data speed of 4G which was recorded at 1 Gbps.
A further unique feature of the 5G technology is its operation in three diverse bands: low, mid, and high frequency spectrum. Each of these bands comes with its own set of advantages and limitations.
Bands in 5G
The low band spectrum has demonstrated an ability to deliver high coverage and speedy data exchange. However, the maximum speed potential is limited to just 100 Mbps (Megabits per second). When it comes to the mid-band spectrum, while it can offer higher speeds compared to the lower band, it is restricted in terms of coverage area and signal penetration.
On the other hand, the high-band spectrum has the highest speed potential of all three bands, but the drawback is its highly limited coverage and signal penetration strength.
Challenges in Implementing 5G Technology
In order to implement 5G technology, there are several infrastructural changes needed. One major issue with 5G is its inability to carry data over long distances. This means that structures enabling such capabilities need to be put in place.
Planning for the transition from 4G to 5G also involves considerable potential financial outlay from consumers, who will need to upgrade to the latest cellular technology. Furthermore, the financial constraints of telecom companies could also delay the allocation of 5G spectrum.
Utility and Applications of 5G
When combined with other advanced technologies like IoT, cloud, big data, AI, and edge computing, 5G can help drive the fourth industrial revolution. In India, 5G technology could improve access to services such as mobile banking and healthcare. It could also provide new opportunities for unemployment or underemployment issues to be addressed.
To facilitate these advancements, the Indian Government has launched enabling policies. The National Digital Communications Policy 2018 highlights the importance of emerging technologies, including 5G, in driving digital engagement and providing new opportunities.
Global Progress on 5G
Progress in the roll-out of 5G technology is already being made globally. In the United States, 5G has been deployed in 50 cities. Similarly, South Korea has rolled out 5G across 85 cities, whilst Japan and China have also begun trialling 5G mobile services.
Last Modified: February 10, 2024