This comprehensive article attempts to shed light on the recent resolution of the border dispute between Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, a conflict that had been persistent since 1972. It also discusses other significant interstate border disputes in India and explores methods of dispute resolution. The article is divided into subsections for easy navigation.
The Resolution of Assam-Arunachal Pradesh Border Dispute
A border dispute that has been ongoing between Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, with an 804-km long shared boundary, since 1972, has recently seen a long-awaited resolution. The agreement anticipates settling the dispute involving over 123 villages across 700 kilometres of the shared border. This resolution will be based on various factors such as historical perspective, demographic profile, administrative convenience, proximity to the border, and the aspiration of residents. Under the terms of this agreement, neither state will make new claims regarding any area or village in the future. Additionally, a thorough survey will be carried out by the Survey of India in collaboration with representatives from both state governments.
Karnataka-Maharashtra Border Dispute
A long-standing border disagreement exists between Karnataka and Maharashtra over certain areas in North Karnataka like Belagavi, Karwar, and Nipani. Following the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, these areas became part of Mysore. Maharashtra, however, continues to claim certain Marathi-speaking parts of Belagavi. The Centre established the Mahajan Commission to address this issue back in October 1966, but the dispute remains unresolved as Maharashtra rejected the commission’s recommendation.
Assam-Mizoram Border Dispute
The border dispute between Assam and Mizoram is rooted in two British-era notifications made in 1875 and 1933 when Mizoram was known as the Lushai Hills, a district in Assam. Over time different boundary demarcations have been put forth by both states based on these notifications, leading to ongoing conflicts.
Haryana-Himachal Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh-Ladakh Border Disputes
The region of Parwanoo has been a contentious matter between Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. Similarly, Himachal Pradesh and Ladakh have shared disputes over the jurisdiction of Sarchu, a stopover point for travellers between Leh and Manali.
Meghalaya-Assam and Assam-Nagaland Border Disputes
Boundary disputes exist between Assam and Meghalaya due to disagreements over the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971, and between Assam and Nagaland since the latter gained statehood in 1963. Both conflicts remain unresolved due to discrepancies in historical and legal interpretations of the respective boundaries.
Methods of Resolving Border Disputes in India
Border disputes in India can be resolved via the Exclusive Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court as per Article 131 of the Indian Constitution. The Inter-state Council, established under Article 263 of the Constitution, also provides a platform for discussion and resolution of such disputes.
Even though there are constitutional provisions dedicated to resolving border disputes among states in India, the issues often extend over decades due to various complications and disagreements. It remains crucial for efficient mechanisms to be implemented to effectively resolve these disputes, ensuring harmony and peace among respective states.
Last Modified: February 20, 2024