In recent news, a 12-year-old girl from Maharashtra diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) accomplished an extraordinary feat. She successfully swam across the Arabian Sea, starting from the Bandra-Worli Sea Link and finishing at Gateway of India in Mumbai.
About Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
ASD is an umbrella term encompassing various conditions, each displaying some level of impaired social behaviour, communication, and language capabilities, alongside a restricted range of interests and activities. These symptoms are unique to every individual and are usually enacted repetitively. Contrary to common misconceptions, ASD is not equivalent to mental retardation. In truth, many individuals with autism excel in certain areas such as art, music, and writing.
ASD is a complex developmental disability of the brain, typically manifesting within the first three years of a person’s life. The intellectual functioning of individuals with ASD varies drastically, spanning from profound impairment to superior levels.
Probable Causes of ASD
Several factors can potentially contribute to a child developing ASD, including environmental and genetic influences.
Signs and Symptoms of ASD
Individuals with ASD often struggle with social communication and interaction. They exhibit restricted interests and engage in repetitive behaviours.
Addressing ASD
While a cure for autism is yet to be found, various interventions can help manage its symptoms. Strategies include evidence-based psychosocial interventions, behavioural treatments, skills training programmes for parents and other caregivers, health promotion, care, and rehabilitation services.
Global & National Initiatives for ASD Awareness
Various initiatives have been taken globally and nationally to raise awareness about ASD. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) and Sustainable Development Goals focus on the rights of individuals with disabilities, including autism.
Recent legislative developments in India have seen an increase in the types of recognised disabilities from 7 to 21 under The Right of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016. Importantly, this expansion includes Autism Spectrum Disorder, a condition often overlooked in earlier legislations.
In 2014, more than 60 countries supported a World Health Organisation resolution titled “Comprehensive and coordinated efforts for the management of autism spectrum disorders (ASD).” Furthermore, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously proclaimed April 2 as World Autism Awareness Day in 2008.
While ASD presents an array of challenges to affected individuals, their courage and determination, as demonstrated by the 12-year-old girl from Maharashtra, serve as an inspiration to many.
