World & Physical Geography

  1. Introduction to Geography
  2. Branches of Geography (Systematic and Regional Geography)
  3. Economic Geography
  4. Origin of the Earth
  5. Big Bang Theory
  6. Graticule
  7. Solstices and Equinoxes
  8. Longitude and Time
  9. The Moon
  10. Eclipses
  11. Solar Radiation, Heat Budget and Temperature
  12. Temperature Anomaly or Thermal Anomaly
  13. Distance of the Earth from the Sun
  14. Inversion of Temperature
  15. Atmospheric Pressure and Winds
  16. Seasonal Distribution of Pressure
  17. The Westerlies
  18. Local Winds
  19. Monsoon Winds
  20. Jet Stream
  21. Wind direction and Wind Velocity
  22. Cyclones
  23. Atmospheric Moisture
  24. Clouds
  25. Rainfall
  26. Dry Climates
  27. Climate
  28. Hydrosphere
  29. The Pacific Ocean
  30. Structure of the Atmosphere
  31. The Atlantic Ocean
  32. The Indian Ocean
  33. Temperature of Ocean Waters
  34. Ocean Waves
  35. Currents of the Pacific Ocean
  36. Currents of the Atlantic Ocean
  37. Currents of the Indian Ocean
  38. Effects of Ocean Currents
  39. Rivers and Lakes
  40. Lakes
  41. Lithosphere
  42. Rocks
  43. Landforms
  44. Plains
  45. Landforms of Second Order (Mountains, Plateaus and Plains)
  46. Geomorphic Processes
  47. Volcanoes
  48. Faulting
  49. Earthquakes
  50. External forces of Weathering
  51. Landforms made by rivers
  52. Alluvial Cones and Alluvial Fans
  53. Landforms made by Glaciers
  54. Landforms Made By Wind
  55. Landforms Made By Sea Waves
  56. Soil
  57. Soil Taxonomy or Classification
  58. Distribution of Population
  59. World Population’Growth and Distribution
  60. Population Structure
  61. Population Problems of Developing Countries
  62. Population Problems of Developed Countries
  63. Rural Settlements
  64. Urban Settlements
  65. Migration
  66. Consequences of Migration
  67. Economic Geography
  68. Natural Resources
  69. Pastoralism
  70. Agriculture
  71. Various Forms of Agriculture: From Commercial Grain Farming to Nomadic Herding
  72. Climatic Regions of India
  73. Rhythm of Seasons
  74. The Rainy Season
  75. Indian Monsoonal Regime
  76. Elnino, La Nina and Southern Oscillation
  77. Climate
  78. The Peninsular Rivers
  79. Ganga Drainage System
  80. The Peninsular Plateau
  81. Geology
  82. India in the Eastern World
  83. Indian Geography
  84. Communication
  85. Air Transport
  86. Water Transport
  87. Rail Network in the World
  88. Commercial Crops
  89. Himalayas and Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain
  90. Major Crops
  91. Plantation Crops
  92. Fruits, Vegetable and Spices
  93. Mineral Resources
  94. Important Minerals of the World
  95. Conventional Sources of Energy
  96. Non-Conventional Sources of Energy
  97. Manufacturing’Industries
  98. Engineering Industries
  99. Factory Farming
  100. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
  101. Forest Policy and Conservation
  102. Soils
  103. Soil Degradation
  104. Soil Conservation
  105. Intensity of Cropping
  106. Crop Seasons
  107. Livestock
  108. Dairy Sector, Poultry farming and Fishing
  109. Silk Textile Industry
  110. Jute Textiles
  111. Manufacturing Industries
  112. Major Thermal Power Stations in India
  113. Hydroelectricity and Thermal Power
  114. Important Source of Energy
  115. Energy Resources
  116. Mineral Resources
  117. Mineral Resources 2
  118. Irrigation
  119. Iron and Steel Industry
  120. Metals Smelting
  121. Industrial Machinery
  122. Railway Equipment
  123. Different Industries
  124. Drugs, Pharmaceutical and Forest Based Industries
  125. Transport and Communications
  126. Factors Affecting Railways
  127. National Highways
  128. Distribution of Railways
  129. Growth of Population
  130. Highways and Roadways
  131. National Waterways of India
  132. Major Ports
  133. Air Transport
  134. Communications
  135. Satellite Communication
  136. Population
  137. Density of Population
  138. Urbanisation
  139. Urban Area
  140. Literacy
  141. Religious Composition
  142. Sex Ratio
  143. Trade relations between England and India
  144. Company’s Regime
  145. Rule of the British Government
  146. Indian National Movement
  147. Languages in India
  148. Technical Education
  149. Government Debt Report
  150. Major Changes Proposed in Basel III over Basel I and Basel II
  151. What is a Blizzard?
  152. Apollo 7
  153. Archaeological Survey of India
  154. Important World Geographers
  155. Important Geographers From India
  156. Introduction To Astronomy
  157. The universe
  158. Big Bang Theory & other theories
  159. Expansion of universe (cosmic radiation, hubble constant, doppler effect)
  160. Black Holes
  161. Detection of Black Holes
  162. Types of black Holes
  163. Structure of Black Holes
  164. Number and Properties of Black Holes
  165. Wormholes
  166. Cosmic Strings
  167. Dark matter & its compositions
  168. Dark energy & its compositions
  169. Galaxies
  170. Types of Galaxies
  171. Dwarf Galaxies
  172. Distribution of Galaxies
  173. Group, Clusters and Superclusters of Galaxies
  174. Milky Way Galaxy
  175. Movement of Earth within Milky Way Galaxy
  176. Neighbors of Milky Way Galaxy
  177. View of Milky Way From Earth
  178. Andromeda Galaxy
  179. Radio Galaxies
  180. Large/Small Magellanic Clouds
  181. Interstellar Medium
  182. Nebula
  183. Types of Nebulae
  184. Quasars
  185. Stars
  186. Structure of Stars
  187. Asterism
  188. Closest Stars to Earth
  189. Formation of Stars and Stellar Evolution
  190. Factors Influencing Evolution of Stars
  191. Sun’s Future as A Red Giant
  192. Nova and Supernova
  193. Neutron Stars
  194. X Ray Star
  195. Binary Star
  196. Solar System (Formation and Basics)
  197. Size and Composition of Solar System
  198. Sun
  199. Structure of Sun
  200. Mass and Composition of Sun
  201. Rotation of Sun
  202. Planets (Basics)
  203. Planetary Rings
  204. Terrestrial Planets/Inner Planets
  205. Gas Giants/Outer Planets
  206. Mercury (Important Facts)
  207. Venus
  208. Mars (Basics & Moons)
  209. Ice Caps of Mars
  210. Martian Meteoroid ALH84001 of Mars
  211. Possibility of Life on Mars
  212. Jupiter (Basics)
  213. The Great Red Spot of Jupiter
  214. The Rings of Jupiter
  215. The Moons of Jupiter
  216. Effect of Jupiter on Life of Earth
  217. Protection of Inner Solar System by Jupiter
  218. Saturn (Basics)
  219. The Ring System of Saturn
  220. The Moons of Saturn
  221. Uranus
  222. Neptune
  223. Kuiper Belt & its Objects
  224. Plutionos
  225. Asteroids (Origin and Numbers)
  226. Asteroids Belt
  227. Comets (Origin & Basics)
  228. Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9
  229. Meteorite & Meteors
  230. Sources of Meteors & Meteorites
  231. Types of Meteorites
  232. Meteor Showers
  233. Cosmic Rays
  234. Sources of Cosmic Rays
  235. Earth Basics (Formation & Evolution)
  236. Earth’s Location in the Universe
  237. The Four Motions of Earth
  238. The Precession Movement
  239. Solar Day (Apparent, Mean and Sidereal)
  240. Earth’s Tilt
  241. Tidal Acceleration
  242. Global Glacier Rebound
  243. Pulsar
  244. Seasons (Occurring & Earth Revolution)
  245. Solstice
  246. Uttarayan and Dakshinayan
  247. Equinox
  248. Perihelion & Aphelion
  249. Perigee & Apogee
  250. Eclipse (Basics & Frequency)
  251. Lunar Eclipse
  252. Solar Eclipse
  253. How can Moon block Sun so perfectly during an Eclipse?
  254. Geodesy (Introduction)
  255. The Great Circle
  256. Latitudes
  257. Longitudes
  258. Radius and Circumference of Earth
  259. Structure of Earth
  260. Earth’s Crust (compositions, continental & oceanic crust, spheres)
  261. Conrad Discontinuity
  262. Earth’s Mantle (Composition, Sections)
  263. Convective Material Circulation of Earth’s Mantle
  264. Earth’s Core (Formation, Compositions, Sections)
  265. Discovery of Earth’s Core
  266. Density of Various Earth’s Layers
  267. Earth’s Magnetic Field (Formation and Basics)
  268. Protection of Earth’s Lives by Magnetic Field
  269. Reversal of Earth’s Magnetic Fields
  270. Intensity Gradient of the Geomagnetic Field
  271. Magnetic Dip
  272. Geomagnetic Equator
  273. Equatorial Electrojet
  274. Earth’s Magnetosphere (Basics, Structure)
  275. Magnetopause, Magnetotail & Geomagnetic Poles
  276. Van Allen Belts
  277. Magnetospheric Storms
  278. Plate Tectonics (Introduction)
  279. Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis: Evidence of Continental Drift (Continental Fit, Fossils, Coal Fields, Glacial Flow, Rock Similarities, Paleomagnetism)
  280. Movement of Plate Tectonics
  281. Seafloor Spreading
  282. Subduction
  283. Faulting – Latest Updates (July, 2023)
  284. Faulting verses Folding
  285. The Lithospheric Plates System
  286. Plate Boundaries (Basics)
  287. Convergent Plate Boundaries (Ocean-Ocean, Island Volcanic Plate, Ocean-Continental, Continent-Continent)
  288. Divergent Plate Boundaries (Basics, Continental Rift Zones, Transform Plate Boundaries)
  289. Earthquakes – Latest Updates (July, 2023)
  290. Types of Earthquakes
  291. Foreshocks, Mainshocks, Aftershocks
  292. Hypocenter & Epicenter
  293. Mechanism of Tectonic Earthquakes (Divergent, Convergent & Transformational Movement)
  294. Earthquake Belts
  295. Magnitude and Earthquake’s Intensity
  296. Ritcher Scale
  297. Moment Magnitude Scale
  298. Shindo Scale
  299. Medvedev-S-K Scale
  300. Seismic Waves (Basics and Types)
  301. How Seismic Waves Define Earth’s Interiors?
  302. Seismic Waves Determining Epicenter
  303. The Shadow Zone of Earthquake
  304. Earthquakes in India (Reasons)
  305. Seismic Zoning of India
  306. History of Indian Earthquakes (Some Great Earthquakes)
  307. Liquefaction: Impact of Earthquake
  308. Volcanoes & Volcanism (Introduction)
  309. Types of Eruptions
  310. Types of Volcanoes (By Volcanic Eruption)
  311. Types of Volcanoes (By Periodicity of Eruption)
  312. Some Important Terms Related to Volcanoes – 1 (Tephra, Volcanic Bomb, Lapilli, Volcanic Ash)
  313. Some Important Terms Related to Volcanoes – 2 (Pillow Lava, Pyroclastic Rocks, Cinder Cone, Repose, Volcanic Explosivity Index)
  314. Pacific Ring of Fire
  315. Magma
  316. Formation of Magma
  317. Types of Magma
  318. Gases in Magma
  319. Does Geothermal Gradient Cause Melting of Rocks?
  320. Does Radioactive Heat Cause Melting of Rocks?
  321. Does Decrease in Pressure Causes Rock Melt?
  322. Does Addition of Water Cause Melting of Rocks?
  323. Tides (Introduction)
  324. Stages of Tides
  325. Spring Tides and Neap Tides
  326. Apogean Tides and Perigean Tides
  327. Daily Frequency of Tides
  328. Duration & Frequency of Daily Tides
  329. Impact on Tides if there was NO Moon?
  330. The Tides which are NOT Tides (Storm, Rip, Tsunami Tides)
  331. Important Terms Related to Tides (Tidal Datum, Tidal Flat, Tidal Range, Tidal Bore, Tidal Tides, Intertidal Zones, Tidal Power)
  332. Tidal Ports (Prevention of River Freezing and Siltation)
  333. Do Tides Affect Earth’s Magnetic Field?
  334. Why are there NO High and Low Tides at Equator?
  335. Use of Tides in Navigation
  336. Use of Tides in Fishing
  337. Megarelief (Introduction and Basics)
  338. The Three Orders of Megarelief
  339. Oceanography (Introduction)
  340. Ocean Relief & its Basic Features
  341. Some Major Points in Oceans of the World
  342. Types of Ocean Relief (Detailed)
  343. Lagoons
  344. Coral Reefs and Important Observations on it
  345. Beach
  346. Ocean/Marine Sediments
  347. Types of Marine Sediments
  348. Neritic and Pelagic Deposits
  349. Resources from Ocean Sediments
  350. Ocean Temperature
  351. Trend in Ocean Temperature
  352. Measurement of Temperature
  353. Layers of Temperature in Tropics
  354. Daily Range of Temperature
  355. Annual Range of Temperature
  356. Distribution Pattern of Temperature
  357. Nature of Ocean Temperature from Latitudes to Equator
  358. Types of Temperature Distribution (Horizontal and Vertical)
  359. Salinity of Ocean Water (Introduction)
  360. Factors Affecting Salinity of Water
  361. Horizontal Distribution of Salinity of Water
  362. Vertical Distribution of Salinity of Water
  363. Ocean Currents
  364. Origin of Ocean Currents
  365. Difference Between Ocean Drifts, Currents and Streams
  366. Warm and Cold Currents
  367. Surface and Deep Currents
  368. Important Currents of Atlantic Oceans (North Equatorial, South Equatorial, Equatorial Counter & Others)
  369. Relationship Between Ocean Currents and Global Surface Wind System
  370. Indian Ocean Currents
  371. Coriolis Force and its Effects on Ocean Currents
  372. Impact of Temperature on Ocean Currents
  373. Impact of Salinity on Ocean Currents
  374. Impact of Air Pressure and Winds on Ocean Currents
  375. Land Reliefs (Introduction and Basics)
  376. Geological Province (Introduction and Basics)
  377. Continental Shield
  378. Orogens and Introduction to Orogeny
  379. Types of Mountains (Volcanic, Folded, Fault-Block, Upwarped Mountains)
  380. Different Stages of Orogeny
  381. Plateaus
  382. Formation of Plateaus
  383. Types of Plateaus
  384. Importance of Plateaus
  385. Landforms (Meaning, Basics, Classification)
  386. Aeolian Landform (Types, Formation and More)
  387. Fluvial Landforms (Formation, Agents & More)
  388. Erosional Landforms (Formation, Types, Features & More)
  389. Coastal and Oceanic Landforms (Types, Features, Examples etc)
  390. Formation of Coastal Landforms
  391. Volcanic Landforms (Formation & More)
  392. Mountain and Glacier Landform (Types, Formation & More)
  393. Slope Landforms (Formation, Features & More)
  394. Rocks & Minerals (Formation & Basics)
  395. Igneous Rocks (Types, Sources and Examples)
  396. Sedimentary Rocks (Types, Sources and Examples)
  397. Metamorphic Rocks (Types, Sources and Examples)
  398. Limestone
  399. Types of Limestones
  400. Distribution of Limestone
  401. Other Sedimentary Rocks with Detailed Explanations (Chert, Gypsum, Hydrocarbon, Rock Salt)
  402. Exogenic Forces Affecting Landforms
  403. Endogenic Forces Affecting Land Forms/Formation
  404. Weathering
  405. Types of Weathering
  406. Physical Weathering Detailed Explanation(Thermal Shock, Frost Action, Exfoliation, Hydraulic Actions, Salt Crystallization)
  407. Biological Weathering: Detailed
  408. Chemical Weathering (Hydration, Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Solutions, Carbonation)
  409. Mass Wasting (Meaning, Reasons & More)
  410. Types of Mass Wasting (Creeps, Landslides, Flow, Topples, Falls, Slump)
  411. Induced Mass Wasting
  412. Erosion
  413. Soil Composition
  414. Nature of Soil
  415. What is Soil Made Of?
  416. Humus
  417. Soil Texture
  418. Sandy Soil (Type of soil)
  419. Clayey Soil (Soil Type)
  420. Loamy Soil (Soil Type)
  421. Silt Soil (Soil Type)
  422. Soil pH
  423. Increasing & Decreasing Soil pH
  424. The Problem of Alkaline Soil and its Gypsum Treatment
  425. Soil Air & Its Importance
  426. Soil Fertility
  427. Soil Horizon (O, A, B, C & R Horizons)
  428. Soil Taxonomy
  429. Types of Soil Taxonomy
  430. Earth Atmosphere (Introduction)
  431. Composition of Atmosphere
  432. Troposphere & Tropopause
  433. Stratosphere & Stratopause
  434. Mesosphere & Mesopause
  435. Ionosphere/Thermosphere
  436. Concept of Aurora
  437. Exosphere
  438. Atmosphere and Insolation
  439. Effect of Atmosphere on Solar Radiation
  440. Radiation as a Method of Heat Transfer
  441. Convection as a Source of Heat Transfer
  442. Conduction as a Source of Heat Transfer
  443. Advection as a Source of Heat Transfer
  444. Latent Heat of Condensation
  445. Earth’s Albedo
  446. Earth Energy Budget
  447. Distribution of Temperature (Introduction)
  448. The Three Broad Temperature Zones
  449. Patterns of Global Isotherms
  450. Daily Variation of Temperature
  451. Annual Temperature Range
  452. Atmospheric Pressure (Introduction and Basics)
  453. Pressure Belts of Earth
  454. Creation of Pressure Belt
  455. Intertropical Convergence Zone (Doldrums)
  456. Subtropical High/Horse Latitude
  457. North & South Belt Regions
  458. Global Winds (Introduction, Easterlies, Westerlies, Geotropic Winds, Coriolis Effect)
  459. Trade Winds (Detailed)
  460. Westerlies (Detailed)
  461. Polar Easterlies
  462. Local Winds (Introduction & Features)
  463. Local Winds Near Mountains
  464. List of Major Local Winds
  465. Monsoon Mechanism (Traditional View)
  466. Monsoon Mechanism (Modern View)
  467. Rainfall (Introduction & Basics)
  468. Cooling (Adiabatic, Convectional, Radiational & Evaporative)
  469. Convectional Rainfall
  470. Cyclonic/Frontal Rainfall
  471. Orographic Rainfall
  472. Distribution of Rainfall
  473. Air Mass
  474. Impact of Airmass Movement on Weather & Winds
  475. Fronts
  476. Frontogenesis & Frontolysis
  477. Types of Fronts (Cold, Warm, Occluded)
  478. Cyclones
  479. Formation of Cyclones
  480. Difference between Tropical and Extra-Tropical Cyclone
  481. Tropical Cyclone (Detailed: Formation, Distribution, Stadium Effect, Movement of Clouds)
  482. Types of Tropical Cyclones (Tropical Depression, Storm & Cyclone)
  483. Impact of Tropical Cyclone over Land & Cold Water
  484. Fujiwhara Effect
  485. Project Stormfury
  486. Naming of Cyclones
  487. Anti-Cyclones
  488. Temperate Cyclones
  489. Tornado
  490. Formation of Tornado
  491. Detection of Tornado
  492. What is Fujita Scale?
  493. What is Torro Scale?
  494. Infrasonic Signature of Tornadoes
  495. Electromagnetic Spectrum and Tornadoes
  496. Arid Soil
  497. Laterite Soil
  498. The Khadar Belt
  499. The Delta Belt
  500. Importance of The Great Plains of India
  501. The Origin of Thar Desert of India
  502. The Thar Desert: Geographical Extent, Features, Temperature, Importance & More
  503. Importance of Thar Desert
  504. The Peninsular India
  505. Importance of the Peninsular Plateau of India
  506. The Central Highlands of India
  507. The Deccan Plateau of India
  508. The Western Ghats of India (Introduction)
  509. The States and UTs under Western Ghats
  510. The Mountains of Western Ghats
  511. The Rivers of the Western Ghats
  512. The Geology of Western Ghats
  513. Vegetation of Western Ghats
  514. Climate of Western Ghats
  515. Fauna of Western Ghats
  516. Protected Areas of Western Ghats
  517. The Economical Importance of Western Ghats
  518. The States & UTSs Under Eastern Ghats
  519. The Mountains of Eastern Ghats
  520. The Rivers of Eastern Ghats
  521. The Climate of Eastern Ghats
  522. The Vegetation of Eastern Ghats
  523. The Geology of Eastern Ghats
  524. The Fauna of Eastern Ghats
  525. Protected Areas of Eastern Ghats
  526. The Economical Importance of Eastern Ghats
  527. Why Western Ghats of India are more Developed than Eastern Ghats?
  528. Mount Abu
  529. The Cardamom Hills
  530. The Anamudi
  531. Kangchenjunga
  532. Naga Hills
  533. Nanda Devi
  534. Mizo Hills
  535. Anginda
  536. Phawangpui
  537. Doddabetta
  538. Garo Hills
  539. Khasi Hills
  540. Jaintia Hills
  541. Palni Hills
  542. Patkai Hills
  543. Shivalik Hills
  544. Zanskar Range
  545. Open & Closed Basins of India’s Drainage System
  546. Introduction to India’s River System
  547. Indus River System
  548. Indus River
  549. Important tributaries of Indus River
  550. Beas River
  551. Chenab River
  552. Jhelum River
  553. Rabi River
  554. Sutlej River
  555. Ganges River System
  556. Ganga River
  557. Important Tributaries of Ganga River
  558. Importance of River Ganga
  559. Important Places on the Bank of River Ganga
  560. Yamuna River
  561. Important Tributaries of Yamuna
  562. Important Tributaries
  563. Major Places on the Bank of River Yamuna
  564. Importance of River Yamuna
  565. Son River
  566. Important Tributaries of Son River
  567. Gandak River
  568. Ghaggar River
  569. Brahmaputra River System
  570. Krishna River System
  571. Kaveri River System
  572. Mahanadi River – River of Peninsular India
  573. Important Tributaries of Mahanadi River
  574. Importance of Mahanadi River
  575. Important Tributaries of Brahmani River
  576. Krishna River
  577. Major Tributaries of Krishna River
  578. Tungabhadra River
  579. Important Tributaries of Tungabhadra River
  580. Importance of Tungabhadra River
  581. Kaveri River
  582. Important Tributaries of Kaveri River
  583. Importance of Kaveri River
  584. Godawari River
  585. Important Tributaries of Godawari
  586. Importance of Godawari River
  587. Narmada River
  588. Important Tributaries of Narmada River
  589. Importance of Narmada River
  590. Mahi River
  591. Tapti River
  592. Basics of Indian Coast
  593. Eastern Coast of India
  594. Western Coast of India
  595. Gulf of Kutch
  596. Gulf of Mannar
  597. Gulf of Cambay
  598. Palk Strait
  599. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  600. The Tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands
  601. Kalapani
  602. 10 Degree Channel
  603. Extensive Grain Commercial Cultivation
  604. Europeans in Plantation Crops
  605. Landfall Island
  606. Indira Point
  607. Saddle Peak
  608. Chatam Island
  609. Mount Harriet
  610. Ross Islands
  611. Madhuban
  612. Ritchie’s Archipelago
  613. Havelock Island
  614. Neil Island
  615. Chiriya Tapu
  616. The Viper Island
  617. Car Nicobar
  618. Cellular Jail
  619. Lakshadweep
  620. Diu Island
  621. Majuli Island
  622. Islands Off Mumbai
  623. Introduction to Human Geography
  624. Determinism
  625. Environmental Determinism
  626. Possibilism
  627. Neo-Determinism
  628. Causes of Migration
  629. Theory of Demographic Transition
  630. Age Sex Pyramid
  631. Age Sex Pyramid of India
  632. Introduction to Human Races
  633. Caucasoid
  634. Negroid
  635. Mongoloid
  636. Australoid
  637. Various Tribes of the World
  638. Introduction to Economic Geography
  639. Primary Activities under Economic Geography
  640. Secondary Activities under Economic Geography
  641. Tertiary Activities under Economic Geography
  642. Quaternary Activities under Economic Geography
  643. Activities Higher than Quaternary Activities under Economic Geography
  644. Transhumance
  645. Commercial Livestock Rearing
  646. Primary Subsistence Agriculture
  647. Intensive Subsistence Agriculture
  648. Plantation