Introduction
In recent years, the evolving needs of women in India have necessitated a reevaluation and expansion of the role of organizations such as the National Commission for Women (NCW). The 30th Foundation Day of the NCW recently highlighted the need to broaden the scope of the organization’s mission, according to Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This article delves into the fundamentals of legal frameworks for welfare of women, the background and mandate of the NCW, and the driving forces behind the call for its expansion.
The Expanding Role of NCW in Developing ‘New India’
The campaign for Atmanirbhar Bharat, or self-reliant India, has demonstrated the direct correlation between women’s empowerment and national development. Around 70% of beneficiaries from the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana are women, indicating their growing participation in the economy. Furthermore, the number of women self-help groups has tripled over the past six years, and 45% of 60,000 startups that arose post-2016 have at least one woman at the helm. From textiles to dairy, women entrepreneurs are reshaping various industries.
Overcoming Stereotypes and Empowering Women Entrepreneurs
Despite this progress, deep-seated stereotypes continue to restrict women’s roles to the domestic sphere, undermining their potential contributions to the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises sector. As India’s economy heavily relies on this sector, it is crucial to promote and support women entrepreneurs.
Increasing Crimes Against Women
A concerning trend that can’t be overlooked is the rising instances of crime against women. The NCW reported a 46% increase in complaints of crimes against women in just the first eight months of 2021, compared to the same period in 2020. Women are increasingly subjected to domestic and workplace violence, harassment, and cybercrimes, which poses serious threats to their safety and welfare.
The Origin and Role of National Commission for Women
The NCW was established in January 1992 as a response to the Committee on the Status of Women in India’s recommendation for an apex body dedicated to advancing women’s rights and welfare. Under the leadership of Mrs. Jayanti Patnaik, the first Chairperson, the NCW has taken up numerous cases and fought for speedy justice on behalf of aggrieved women. The organization reviews legal safeguards for women, recommends legislative measures, facilitates redressal of grievances, and advises the government on all policy matters affecting women.
Legal Framework for the Welfare of Women
Constitutional protections guaranteeing Indian women the right to equality, non-discrimination, and special provisions have significant impacts on their status in society. Anti-discrimination laws like the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, the Dowry Prohibition Act, and the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act play critical roles in safeguarding women’s rights. Various empowerment schemes like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme, One Stop Centre Scheme, and UJJAWALA also contribute to improving the condition of women in India.
Proposed Directions for Improving Conditions for Women
Given women’s expanding roles in modern India, expanding the reach of the NCW and similar organizations is crucial. Addressing violence against women is another vital priority. The systemic perpetuation of such crimes hampers equality, peace, and development efforts and infringes upon women and girls’ human rights. Holistic efforts involving stakeholders from law enforcement, the judiciary, health departments, NGOs, and rehabilitation centers can pave the way towards safer and more equitable conditions for women in India.
