In recent news, activists have petitioned the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to reassess the classification of certain chemicals commonly used in sunscreen products. The toxic trio – Oxybenzone, Octinoxate, and Octocrylene, also known as the 3 Os, have raised substantial health and environmental concerns. Campaigners are urging the FDA to move these substances to the category “Not Generally Recognized As Safe & Effective” (GRASE Category II) considering their potential risks.
Exploring the Toxic Trio: Oxybenzone, Octinoxate, and Octocrylene
Oxybenzone (OBZ), Avobenzone (AVB), Octocrylene (OCR), and Octinoxate (OMC) are the ultraviolet (UV) filters often found in chemical sunscreens. These substances are tasked with the job of protecting the skin from harmful UV rays. However, their widespread use has led to persistent contamination of the environment through anthropogenic sources which include sewerage discharges.
The Prevalence of the Toxic Trio in Sunscreens
More than two-thirds of all sunscreen products contain the three aforementioned compounds as active ingredients. Despite their popularity and ubiquitous presence in such products, they present worrying threats to public health along with marine life and coral reefs.
The Health and Environmental Risks of Octocrylene
One noteworthy name among the controversial chemicals is Octocrylene. Used predominantly for providing sun protection, this compound breaks down into benzophenone. Benzophenone is a known carcinogen, meaning it can cause cancer, and it is also capable of interfering critically with hormones and reproductive organs.
Impact on Human Health and Hormones
These chemicals have been associated with damage to human cells that may lead to cancer. They are also observed to interfere with hormones, creating imbalances and potential health complications. Alarmingly, these substances have been found in samples of human breast milk, blood and urine, and are known allergens.
The Threat to Marine Life
Oxybenzone stands out as particularly destructive to corals. Even lower concentrations down to a few parts per trillion can be toxic. When people who have applied sunscreen containing oxybenzone go swimming, the chemical washes off their bodies and contaminates the water. It also enters marine ecosystems through wastewater runoffs.
Effects on Coral Reefs
The contamination caused by these chemicals can lead to a phenomenon referred to as ‘zombie’ coral. This refers to corals that appear healthy but are unable to reproduce. Additionally, these chemicals are responsible for bleachings, among other issues that pose significant threats to coral reef health and survival.
In light of the mounting evidence against these common UV filters, the push towards reclassification is gaining momentum. It’s important that we view our sun protection options not just from the angle of personal health, but also through the lens of wider environmental impact. The health of our planet, and ourselves, might just depend on it.
