Advancements in Coastal Ocean Prediction Models

The Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) is prioritising research to enhance the accuracy of coastal current predictions. This initiative arises from the increasing demand for precise, timely forecasts in coastal waters. Industries such as fisheries, shipping, and oil exploration rely heavily on these predictions. However, current models fall short in meeting the specific needs of users operating in shallow waters.

About Coastal Currents

Coastal currents are influenced by various factors including wind, tides, and the Earth’s rotation. Accurate prediction of these currents is essential for safe navigation and resource management. The existing numerical models have limitations in capturing short-term variations. INCOIS aims to address these gaps by studying the driving mechanisms behind these currents.

Importance of Accurate Predictions

Accurate predictions are crucial for multiple sectors. The fisheries industry requires forecasts for habitat suitability. The shipping industry needs timely updates for safe passage. Moreover, the expanding marine tourism sector demands information on water quality and safety conditions at beaches. Without reliable data, these industries face operational risks.

Climate Change Considerations

Climate change presents additional challenges. Rising sea levels and extreme weather events can impact coastal regions. INCOIS scientists are focusing on long-term projections to identify vulnerable areas. This information is vital for coastal zone management and infrastructure planning.

Future Initiatives by INCOIS

INCOIS plans to develop a unified ocean modelling system. This system will integrate various oceanographic data to improve forecasting capabilities. Establishing an optimal ocean observation network is also a priority. Additionally, water quality monitoring systems will be implemented to ensure safety for recreational activities.

Support for the Blue Economy

The blue economy encompasses various sectors including marine tourism, renewable energy, and fisheries. INCOIS’s initiatives aim to support this economy by providing accurate oceanographic services. Enhanced predictions will facilitate sustainable development in these sectors.

Conclusion

The advancements in ocean prediction models by INCOIS are crucial for various industries. With the integration of climate change considerations, the future looks promising for coastal management and sustainable practices.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically examine the role of oceanographic services in sustainable fisheries management.
2. Discuss in the light of recent developments how climate change affects coastal infrastructure planning.
3. Explain the significance of accurate water quality monitoring in marine tourism.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the impact of extreme weather events on coastal economies.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically examine the role of oceanographic services in sustainable fisheries management.

1. Oceanographic services provide critical data on habitat suitability for fish populations.
2. Accurate predictions help in managing fishing quotas and reducing overfishing.
3. Monitoring of ocean conditions informs about spawning seasons and migration patterns.
4. These services enhance the safety of fishing operations by predicting hazardous conditions.
5. Integration of oceanographic data supports ecosystem-based management approaches.

2. Discuss in the light of recent developments how climate change affects coastal infrastructure planning.

1. Climate change leads to rising sea levels, increasing the risk of coastal flooding.
2. Extreme weather events necessitate stronger, more resilient infrastructure designs.
3. Long-term projections inform planners about vulnerable regions needing protection.
4. Adaptation strategies must consider potential changes in coastal ecosystems.
5. Policies must incorporate climate resilience in urban and rural coastal development.

3. Explain the significance of accurate water quality monitoring in marine tourism.

1. Water quality monitoring ensures safety for recreational activities, protecting public health.
2. Accurate data helps in assessing the suitability of beaches for tourism.
3. Monitoring can prevent the spread of harmful algal blooms affecting marine life.
4. It supports sustainable tourism practices by informing visitors about conditions.
5. Data-driven decisions can enhance the reputation of coastal tourist destinations.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the impact of extreme weather events on coastal economies.

1. Hurricanes can devastate fishing fleets, disrupting local economies (e.g., Hurricane Katrina).
2. Flooding from storms can damage infrastructure, impacting tourism (e.g., Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey).
3. Coastal erosion exacerbated by storms can lead to loss of property and livelihoods.
4. Disruptions in shipping routes due to extreme weather affect trade and commerce.
5. Insurance costs rise post-disaster, impacting economic stability in affected regions.