Space-tech startup Agnikul Cosmos, based in Chennai, is preparing to make a landmark launch of their Agnibaan SubOrbital Technological Demonstrator (SOrTeD), the world’s first 3D-printed rocket into space. With substantial support from the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Indian National Space Promotion and all Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe), this is a significant step in India’s space research journey.
Exploring AgniKul’s SOrTeD
The Agnibaan SOrTeD, a product of AgniKul Cosmos, stands as a customisable launch vehicle that can be launched either in a single stage or two. The power behind this innovative vehicle is the Agnilet engine, patented by AgniKul. Uniquely, this engine is a 3D-printed, 6 kilonewton (kN) semi-cryogenic engine that utilizes liquid oxygen and kerosene as propellants. This sets Agnibaan SOrTeD apart from traditional sounding rockets that are typically launched from guide rails.
The Agnibaan SOrTeD instead takes off vertically and follows a pre-determined trajectory, completing thoroughly calculated maneuvers during its flight. The vehicle has been developed with the ability to carry payloads up to 100 kg to an altitude of 700 km in five configurations. Its launch will undoubtedly mark the first step towards launching the world’s first 3D-printed rocket into space.
Unpacking 3D Printing
3D printing, also referred to as additive manufacturing, utilizes materials such as plastics and metals to convert products visualized on computer-aided design into actual three-dimensional items. This makes it the polar opposite of subtractive manufacturing, a process where a piece of metal or plastic is carved out, often by a milling machine.
Historically, 3D printing has been a preferred method for prototyping due to its precision and versatility. Its potential extends to creating artificial limbs, stents, dental crowns, parts of automobiles and consumer goods, among others. This technique is now making its way into more new-age applications, such as space technology, spearheaded by companies like Agnikul Cosmos.
Revisting UPSC Civil Services Examination Questions
In the context of India’s satellite launch vehicles, an examination question in 2018 asked examinees to evaluate certain statements. The statements were:
1. PSLVs launch satellites useful for Earth resources monitoring whereas GSLVs are designed mainly to launch communication satellites.
2. Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth.
3. GSLV Mk III is a four-staged launch vehicle with the first and third stages using solid rocket motors; and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines.
The correct answer was option ‘A’ indicating that the first statement was accurate while the others weren’t.
