Delhi’s air quality has recently plummeted to alarming levels, categorised as ‘very poor’ with an Air Quality Index (AQI) reaching 317. In response, the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) activated Stage-2 emergency measures under the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP). This situation is exacerbated during winter months due to weather patterns that trap pollutants near the ground, a phenomenon known as temperature inversion. The CAQM’s swift action aims to mitigate the health impacts associated with high pollution levels, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children and the elderly.
About GRAP
The Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) is a systematic framework designed to address air pollution in the Delhi-NCR region. It categorises air quality into four stages based on AQI readings: – Stage 1: Poor (AQI 201-300) – Stage 2: Very Poor (AQI 301-400) – Stage 3: Severe (AQI 401-450) – Stage 4: Severe Plus (AQI > 450) Each stage triggers specific actions aimed at reducing pollution levels. This structured approach allows for timely interventions that can prevent further deterioration of air quality.
Stage-2 Restrictions and Measures
With the implementation of Stage-2, several restrictions are imposed to curb pollution: – Ban on Coal and Firewood: The use of coal and firewood, including traditional tandoors in eateries, is prohibited. – Diesel Generators: The operation of diesel generators is restricted, allowed only for essential services. – Construction Activities: Restrictions from Stage-1 continue, limiting construction activities that contribute to dust and emissions. – Increased Parking Fees: To discourage private vehicle usage, parking fees have been raised. – Firecracker Ban: The sale and use of firecrackers are banned during this period. These measures are essential in reducing emissions from various sources, particularly during the winter months when air quality tends to worsen.
Action Plan for Stage-2
An 11-point action plan accompanies Stage-2, which includes: 1. Mechanical and Vacuum Sweeping: Daily cleaning of roads to reduce dust. 2. Water Sprinkling: Frequent sprinkling of water on roads to suppress dust, especially in high-traffic areas. 3. Dust Control at Construction Sites: Enhanced inspections to ensure compliance with dust control measures. 4. Power Supply Management: Ensuring uninterrupted power to reduce reliance on diesel generators. 5. Public Awareness: Encouraging citizens to use public transport and reduce personal vehicle use. The plan aims to involve various agencies, including Pollution Control Boards across NCR states, to ensure a concerted effort in tackling air pollution.
Role of Citizens
The success of GRAP measures heavily relies on citizen participation. The CAQM encourages residents to: – Utilise public transport instead of personal vehicles. – Replace vehicle air filters regularly to maintain efficiency. – Avoid activities that generate dust, such as construction or open burning of waste. Public engagement is crucial, as individual actions collectively contribute to improving air quality.
AQI Classification
About the AQI is vital for recognising air quality levels. The classifications are as follows: – 0-50: Good – 51-100: Satisfactory – 101-200: Moderate – 201-300: Poor – 301-400: Very Poor – 401-500: Severe These classifications inform the public about the health implications of the current air quality, guiding them to take necessary precautions.
Questions for UPSC:
- Discuss the significance of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in managing air quality in urban areas.
- What measures are implemented during Stage-2 of GRAP, and how do they impact daily life in Delhi?
- Explain the role of citizens in combating air pollution and the effectiveness of public engagement initiatives.
- Analyse the relationship between seasonal weather patterns and air quality in Delhi during winter months.
- Evaluate the effectiveness of the AQI as a tool for public awareness and policy formulation concerning air pollution.
