A remarkable discovery was made on the shores of La Palma, one of the Canary Islands, as a carcass of a sperm whale revealed a precious substance known as ambergris, often referred to as ‘floating gold.’
Understanding Ambergris
- Ambergris, derived from the French term “gray amber,” is a waxy substance that originates from the digestive system of protected sperm whales. These whales consume large quantities of squid and cuttlefish, a significant portion of which is expelled through regurgitation. However, some remnants bind together over time in the whales’ intestines, forming ambergris.
- The production of ambergris is a rare occurrence, as it is estimated that only around 1% of sperm whales generate this substance. Chemically, ambergris contains alkaloids, acids, and a compound called ambreine, which resembles cholesterol. It typically floats on the surface of water bodies and occasionally washes up on coastlines, earning it the nickname “floating gold.” Its high value is evident, as 1 kilogram of ambergris is worth approximately Rs. 1 crore in the international market.
Uses of Ambergris
Traditionally, ambergris has been utilized in the production of perfumes, contributing musky notes to fragrance compositions. In the past, it has also been documented to have been used for flavoring food, as well as in alcoholic beverages and tobacco in certain cultures. Ancient Egyptians even utilized it as incense due to its unique aroma.
Protection Measures
The possession and trade of ambergris are banned in several countries, including the United States, Australia, and India. In India, sperm whales are protected under Schedule 2 of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, rendering the possession or trade of any by-products, including ambergris, illegal. These protective measures aim to safeguard the endangered sperm whale species and prevent any harm caused by illegal trade.
La Palma: A Geographical Gem
La Palma, located in the Canary Islands, Spain, is the most north-westerly island in the archipelago. Its geography is the result of volcanic formations, and it covers an area of 708 square kilometers, making it the fifth largest among the eight main Canary Islands. The highest peak on the island is Roque de los Muchachos, reaching a height of 2,423 meters. It is second only to the peaks of the Teide massif on Tenerife, marking its significance within the Canaries.
