The Andhra Pradesh Government recently passed a directive instructing GMR Energy Limited to halt environmentally detrimental activities like dredging along the Kakinada coast. The reason for this order was to combat the escalating threats to local wildlife, more specifically birds, that inhabit the region.
Environmental Hazards
The directive came in response to concerns about the destruction of natural habitats of certain bird species like Great knots (Calidris tenuirostris) and Indian skimmers (Rynchops albicollis), due to activities like dredging. Beyond the damage to habitats, these activities alter the soil topography and salinity at the site where the dredged materials are deposited.
These actions have contributed to the loss of a significant portion of India’s wetlands and mudflats. Such devastation has had grave impacts on migratory species and environments such as the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, which is integral to the country’s biodiversity.
Effects of Dredging
Dredging is a process involving the extraction of sediments and debris from the bottom of bodies of water including lakes, rivers, and harbors. This activity is usually done to lower the risk of exposure to contaminants for fish, wildlife, and humans. Dredging can also prevent the spread of contaminants across different water body areas.
However, dredging streams can lower surrounding water tables and cause nearby wetlands to dry up, contributing to habitat loss.
The Importance of Mudflats
Mudflats are areas near a water body regularly flooded by tides, typically barren of vegetation. Also known as tidal flats, mudflats form from the deposition of mud by tides or rivers. Together with mangroves, mudflats constitute a vital ecosystem.
Mudflats serve multiple purposes, including protecting coastal lands from erosion and offering crucial habitats for shore birds.
About Great Knots (Calidris tenuirostris)
Great knots are migratory birds with a breeding habitat in northeast Siberia’s tundra. They nest on the ground and usually form large flocks when migrating. This species is marked by short, dark legs and a medium-length, thin, dark bill. The great knot’s larger size, longer bill, deeper chest, and more streaked upper-parts help distinguish it from others.
In India, they can be found along the coastal regions of Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh.
About Indian Skimmers (Rynchops albicollis)
Indian skimmers, also known as Indian scissors-bill, are mainly found in Central India, particularly along rivers or estuaries. They have a distinct black cap and orange bill, which contrasts dramatically with its white body. This species is experiencing a rapid decline due to degradation and disturbance of lowland rivers and lakes.
The Path Forward
To combat the damaging effects of dredging on Kumbabhisekham mudflat, immediate steps need to be taken to document the destruction. Calls have been sounded for the intervention of the State and the Ministry of Environment and Forests and Climate Change in this urgent matter.
This problem underscores the delicate balance between development and conservation. It demands a thorough analysis rooted in scientific research. The resolution requires a consensus among various stakeholders, addressing respective concerns and laying out the path forward.
