Every year, on April 14th, the birth anniversary of Dr. B R Ambedkar is observed. Recognized as the Father of the Indian Constitution and India’s first Law Minister, his numerous contributions in the fields of social reform, law, economics, literature and politics have left an indelible mark on Indian society.
Early Life and Education
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was born in 1891 in Mhow, Central Province, which is now known as Madhya Pradesh. A polyglot, orator, author, economist, jurist, and scholar of comparative religions, Ambedkar’s multi-faceted persona was reflective of his varied interests and deep intellect.
The Mahad Satyagraha
In the fight against societal discrimination, Ambedkar led the Mahad Satyagraha in March 1927. This was in response to Hindus who were opposing the decision of the Municipal Board. In 1926, the Municipal board of Mahad in Maharashtra had passed an order to open the tank to all communities. Previously, untouchables were prohibited from using water from the Mahad tank.
Role in Round Table Conferences
Ambedkar participated actively in all three Round Table Conferences that occurred between 1930 and 1932. These conferences aimed at discussing constitutional reforms in India. During the second conference, he signed the Poona Pact with Mahatma Gandhi. The pact abandoned the idea of separate electorates for depressed classes, but increased reserved seats for these classes in provincial and central legislatures.
Foundation of India’s Banking System
Ambedkar’s ideas presented before the Hilton Young Commission became the cornerstone for the formation of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), thereby laying down the foundation of India’s banking system.
Political Career
In 1936, Ambedkar was elected to the Bombay Legislative Assembly as a legislator. He further served as a Labour member in the Executive Council of Viceroy in 1942. Subsequently, in 1947, he accepted Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru’s invitation to become the Minister of Law. However, he resigned in 1951 due to conflicts over the Hindu Code Bill.
Conversion to Buddhism and Death
Later in his life, Ambedkar converted to Buddhism. He passed away on December 6th, 1956. His memorial, known as Chaitya Bhoomi, is situated in Mumbai.
Contributions to Literature and Social Organizations
Ambedkar’s profound influence can be seen in his numerous contributions to literature and social organizations. He penned several books like “Annihilation of Caste,” “The Untouchable: Who are They and Why They Have Become Untouchables,” “Buddha and His Dhamma,” and “The Rise and Fall of Hindu Women.” Additionally, he launched various journals such as Mooknayak, Bahishkrit Bharat, Samatha, and Janata. He also founded organizations like Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha, Independent Labor Party, and Scheduled Castes Federation.
Panchteerath: A Tribute to Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
In remembrance of Ambedkar’s immense contributions, the Indian Government has set up Panchteerath. It includes Ambedkar’s birthplace in Mhow, his residential place in London during his education, Deeksha Bhoomi in Nagpur where he took education, Mahaparinirvan Sthal in Delhi, and Chaitya Bhoomi in Mumbai.
The Round Table Conferences
The first Round Table Conference was held in November 1930, followed by the second one in September 1931, and the third one in November 1932. These conferences were aimed at discussing Indian constitutional reforms, leading to the passage of the Government of India Act, 1935.
