The recent announcement by the Tamil Nadu Government designating Arittapatti in Melur block, Madurai district, as a Biodiversity Heritage Site (BHS) puts the spotlight on this ecologically and historically significant region. Being Tamil Nadu’s first and India’s 35th BHS, this decision underscores the importance of preserving areas abundant in biodiversity.
About Arittapatti: A Treasure Trove of Biodiversity
Located in Tamil Nadu, Arittapatti village is not just rich in ecological significance but also has historical importance. It boasts of around 250 species of birds, including three notable raptors or birds of prey – Laggar Falcon, Shaheen Falcon, and Bonelli’s Eagle. The biodiversity extends beyond avian life, with sightings of wildlife like the Indian Pangolin, Slender Loris, and Pythons.
The Unique Landscape of Arittapatti
Arittapatti is surrounded by a chain of seven hillocks, also known as inselbergs, which serve as a watershed. This natural configuration recharges approximately 72 lakes, 200 natural springs, and three check dams, one of which includes the Anaikondan Lake. Constructed during the reign of the Pandiyan Kings in the 16th century, the lake has historic importance.
A Glimpse into The Past: Historical Significance of Arittapatti
Adding to the allure of the region are several megalithic structures, rock-cut temples, Tamil Brahmi inscriptions, and Jain beds. These historical elements provide an intriguing insight into the past and underscore the region’s cultural importance.
Understanding Biodiversity Heritage Sites
Biodiversity Heritage Sites, or BHSs, are areas that are ecologically fragile but simultaneously unique. They contain high levels of biodiversity, both wild and domesticated species, including rare and threatened ones. They are crucial for the survival of keystone species.
Legal Provision for BHS
Specified under Section 37(1) of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, the State Government can designate areas of biodiversity importance as BHS in the Official Gazette. This decision is taken in consultation with local bodies.
Restrictions on BHS
Designating an area as a BHS does not impose any restrictions on local communities’ practices and usages unless they voluntarily decide so. The primary purpose of creating a BHS is to enhance the quality of life of local communities through conservation measures.
India’s First BHS
Nallur Tamarind Grove, located in Bengaluru, Karnataka, holds the honor of being India’s first BHS. It received this designation in 2007.
Recent Additions to BHS
In the last few months, several new sites have been added to India’s list of BHS. These include Debbari or Chabimura and Betlingshib & its surroundings in Tripura, both declared in September 2022. Assam saw two additions – Hajong Tortoise Lake and Borjuli Wild Rice Site, both in August 2022. Madhya Pradesh’s Amarkantak was added to this prestigious list in July 2022.