On 3rd July 2023, the International Buddhist Confederation (IBC) commemorated Ashadha Purnima as the Dharma Chakra Pravartana Divas at the National Museum in Janpath, New Delhi. This annual flagship celebration holds great significance for Buddhists around the world, as it marks the second most sacred day in their calendar, following the Buddha Purnima or Vaishakha Purnima. Also known as Guru Purnima, this day is celebrated on the full moon day of the month of Ashadha, according to the Indian lunar calendar.
Ashadha Purnima:
A Day of Reverence and Teachings Ashadha Purnima, also known as Esala Poya in Sri Lanka and Asanha Bucha in Thailand, is a day of profound importance for Buddhists worldwide. It is a time for reflection, reverence, and the commemoration of significant events in the life of Gautam Buddha.
The First Teaching at Deer Park:
One of the main reasons Ashadha Purnima is celebrated is because it marks the occasion when Gautam Buddha delivered his first teachings after attaining Enlightenment. The location of this auspicious event was the Deer Park in Risipatana Mrigadaya, present-day Sarnath, near Varanasi. Gautam Buddha imparted his wisdom to the first five ascetic disciples, known as the pancavargiya, establishing the foundation of Buddhist teachings and practices.
Guru Purnima: Honoring Spiritual Guides:
In addition to its significance in Buddhism, Ashadha Purnima is also observed as Guru Purnima by both Buddhists and Hindus. This day is dedicated to expressing gratitude and reverence to one’s spiritual guides and teachers. It serves as a reminder of the importance of knowledge, guidance, and mentorship in spiritual and personal growth.
The Rainy Season Retreat: Varsha Vassa:
Ashadha Purnima also marks the beginning of the Rainy Season retreat, known as Varsha Vassa, for Buddhist monks and nuns. Lasting for three lunar months from July to October, this retreat involves the monastic community remaining in a single place, typically their temples (Viharas/Chaityas). During this period, they engage in intensive meditation and focus on deepening their spiritual practices.
IBC’s Dharma Chakra Pravartana Divas:
The International Buddhist Confederation (IBC), a global organization representing Buddhist traditions and communities, chose to commemorate Ashadha Purnima as the Dharma Chakra Pravartana Divas. This event serves as a platform to promote Buddhist teachings, values, and principles to a wider audience. By organizing this celebration at the National Museum in Janpath, New Delhi, the IBC aims to create awareness about Buddhism and foster interfaith dialogue and understanding.
Celebrations and Rituals:
On this auspicious day, Buddhists across the world participate in various religious and cultural activities. Temples and monasteries are adorned with colorful decorations, and devotees gather for prayer, chanting, and meditation. Talks, discourses, and seminars are organized to discuss the teachings of Gautam Buddha and their relevance in today’s world. Additionally, acts of charity, such as providing meals to the less fortunate, are commonly practiced as a way of expressing compassion and generosity.