The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has initiated measures to preserve the stone chariot situated within the Vittala Temple complex at Hampi, a UNESCO World Heritage site. As an arm of the Ministry of Culture, ASI is recognized as the leading organization for archaeological research and the safeguarding of the country’s cultural heritage.
Hampi Chariot: One Among Three in India
The Hampi Chariot is one among three renowned stone chariots in India, with the other two located in Konark, Odisha, and Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu. It was commissioned in the 16th century by King Krishnadevaraya, one of the Vijayanagara rulers who governed from the 14th to the 17th century CE. This renowned structure serves as a shrine dedicated to Garuda, who is popularly known as the official vehicle of Lord Vishnu.
An Overview of Vittala Temple
Dating back to the 15th century, the Vittala Temple was built during the reign of Devaraya II, a ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire. The temple is devoted to Vittala, believed to be an incarnation of Lord Vishnu. The structure decorated in Dravidian style portrays a series of intricate carvings that enhance the beauty of its complex.
Hampi: UNESCO World Heritage Site
The historical city of Hampi in central Karnataka is mainly comprised of remnants of the Capital City of the Vijayanagara Empire. It was founded by Harihara and Bukka in 1336 and features several attractions like the Krishna temple complex, Narasimha, Ganesa, Hemakuta group of temples, Achyutaraya temple complex, Vitthala temple complex, Pattabhirama temple complex, Lotus Mahal complex, and many more.
Vijayanagara Empire: A Snapshot
The Vijayanagara, or the city of victory, was both a city and an empire. Established in 1336 AD by Harihara and Bukka of the Sangama dynasty, the empire served as a bridge between the Krishna river in the north to the extreme south of the peninsula. The rule of Krishnadevaraya (1509-1529) of the Tuluva dynasty left a lasting impression on Vijayanagar, characterized by extensive growth and reinforcement.
Dravidian Architecture
India is home to two broad orders of temples – Nagara in the north and Dravida in the south. Scholars occasionally mention the Vesara style of temples as an independent style formed through a selective combination of the Nagara and Dravida orders. Unlike Nagara temples, Dravida temples are surrounded by compound walls. The main temple tower, known as vimana in Tamil Nadu, is built like a stepped pyramid that ascends geometrically. This stands in contrast to the curving shikhara of North Indian temples.
