The escalating disagreement between the ethnic communities of Assam originates from the imminent inclusion of non-tribal communities into the group, known as Khilonjia or indigenous people. The dispute arose in anticipation of a report which identifies the communities that are regarded as ‘khilonjia’ to implement Clause 6 of the landmark Assam Accord of 1985.
Understanding Khilonjia
Khilonjia is a term used to describe the indigenous people or original inhabitants of the state of Assam. Currently, the group of Khilonjias comprises Bodo (the largest plains tribe in northeast India), Deuri, Dimasa, Rabha, Sonowal Kachari, Thengal Kachari, and Tiwa. This identification is fundamental to deciding who is entitled to specific constitutional and land rights under the Assam Accord.
The Importance of the Assam Accord
Signed in 1985, the Assam Accord was a memorandum of settlement (MoS) between representatives of the Government of India and the leaders of the Assam Movement. This agreement was made to address the issue of illegal immigration into Assam. Clause 6 of the Assam Accord is particularly contentious. It prescribes land and constitutional rights exclusively to the indigenous or khilonjia people, thereby raising the question of who qualifies as khilonjia.
The Controversy Around Inclusion
Recently, there has been significant opposition to the proposed inclusion of non-tribal communities into the group of khilonjias. Ethnic communities argue that this would dilute the spirit of Clause 6, which aims to protect the rights and identity of the indigenous tribes of Assam.
Fact Table: Major Assam Tribes & Their Status
| Tribe | Status |
|---|---|
| Bodo | Khilonjia |
| Deuri | Khilonjia |
| Dimasa | Khilonjia |
| Rabha | Khilonjia |
| Sonowal Kachari | Khilonjia |
| Thengal Kachari | Khilonjia |
| Tiwa | Khilonjia |
Implications of the Disagreement
The disagreement over the inclusion of non-tribal communities into the group of Khilonjias is not just a dispute over a label. It signifies a broader struggle for rights, recognition, and identity for the indigenous people of Assam. The opposition to this move indicates a concern that an expanded definition of khilonjia might undermine the unique cultural and social status of the indigenous tribes.
