The Assam State Zoo in Guwahati recently made a groundbreaking achievement by successfully breeding the elusive Himalayan vulture (Gyps himalayensis) in captivity. This is the first occurrence of such an event in India, marking a significant milestone for the conservation efforts dedicated to this species. Along with this development, the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare’s decision to ban the manufacture, sale, and distribution of certain drugs harmful to vultures has ignited hope among vulture conservationists and experts.
The Himalayan Vulture: Identification and Conservation Status
The Himalayan vulture is one of the largest species of vultures in the Old World. With its imposing wingspan and formidable presence, this creature commands respect. Apart from its size, the Himalayan vulture’s distinctive plumage, primarily black and brown shades, serve as camouflage against the tough mountain terrain.
Its conservation status on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is Near Threatened, and it is found under Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
Habitat and Distribution
As suggested by its name, the Himalayan vulture inhabits the towering peaks and valleys of the Himalayan mountain range. It also migrates to the Indian plains during winter. The vulture’s range spans across several countries, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. Here, it navigates and thrives in the challenging high-altitude environments.
Ecological Significance
As a top predator and scavenger, the Himalayan vulture contributes significantly to maintaining the health of its habitat. By efficiently cleaning up animal remains, it aids in preventing the spread of possible diseases that could arise from decaying carcasses. This scavenging behavior helps maintain the overall balance of the ecosystem.
Challenges faced and Conservation Efforts
However, breeding the Himalayan vulture in captivity poses challenges because it naturally breeds in snow-clad mountains. The Assam State Zoo achieved success through long-term captivity and acclimatization to a tropical environment. Factors such as habitat loss, food scarcity, and accidental poisoning from veterinary drugs threaten its survival.
Conservation breeding centers like the Vulture Conservation Breeding Centre (VCBC) in Rani, Assam, play a crucial role in safeguarding the vulture species.
The Impact of Ketoprofen and Aceclofenac on Vultures
Ketoprofen and aceclofenac are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly used to treat pain and inflammation in animals, particularly cattle. However, these drugs cause kidney failure and death in vultures that feed on the carcasses of treated animals. The recent decision to ban these drugs thus serves as a boon for vulture conservation.
It is interesting to acknowledge that a question regarding the decline of vultures in India appeared in the UPSC Civil Services Examination Previous Year Question (PYQ), highlighting their importance in our ecosystem. This remarkable achievement by the Assam State Zoo, along with the recent ban on harmful NSAIDs, brings renewed hope for vulture conservation in India.
