Avian Flu Impact on Kurjan Crane Migration in Rajasthan

This winter, Rajasthan’s Jaisalmer district has witnessed alarming incidents of Kurjan or Demoiselle cranes succumbing to illness. Reports indicate that avian flu, specifically the H591 strain, is responsible for the deaths of these migratory birds. Environmentalists, however, suggest other potential causes for this troubling phenomenon. Recently, number of Kurjan cranes have died in Jaisalmer. The first reported death occurred on January 11, with subsequent fatalities leading to a total of 33 birds by January 20. These cranes migrate from Central Asia, covering approximately 4,000 kilometres to reach Rajasthan. The deaths have raised concerns among local residents and officials alike.

Bird Flu and Its Spread

The H591 strain of avian flu has been confirmed in samples from the deceased birds. The Animal Husbandry Department has taken steps to contain the virus, including chemical spraying in affected areas and burial of carcasses according to health protocols. Quick Response Teams are mobilised to monitor the situation closely.

Environmental Factors

Local environmentalists propose that recent heavy rainfall has created new water bodies, potentially introducing toxic elements into the birds’ food sources. This unusual weather pattern may be contributing to the cranes’ deaths. The presence of pesticides in nearby agricultural fields is also a concern, as these chemicals could be affecting the birds that feed on treated crops.

Historical Patterns of Bird Deaths

There appears to be a recurring pattern of Kurjan crane deaths in January over the past few years. Data indicates increasing fatalities – nine in 2024, eleven in 2023, and six in 2022. This trend suggests that factors beyond avian flu may be influencing the mortality rate of these migratory birds.

Conservation Efforts

The Great Indian Bustard, Rajasthan’s state bird, is also at risk due to the avian flu outbreak. The Forest Department has implemented strict measures to protect these birds, including restricting public access to breeding centres. Officials are following guidelines from the Animal Husbandry Department to mitigate risks associated with the flu.

Call for Comprehensive Investigation

Local conservationists are urging authorities to conduct a thorough investigation into the food and water sources available to the Kurjan cranes. This includes examining the impact of agricultural practices and environmental changes on the health of these migratory birds. The need for a holistic understanding of the situation is paramount.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of climate change on migratory bird patterns globally.
2. What is the significance of the Great Indian Bustard in Rajasthan’s ecosystem? Explain its conservation status.
3. Comment on the role of pesticides in agricultural practices and their effects on wildlife.
4. Explain the measures taken to control avian flu outbreaks in poultry and wild bird populations.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of climate change on migratory bird patterns globally.

1. Climate change alters the timing of migration, affecting breeding and feeding cycles.
2. Shifts in temperature and weather patterns can disrupt traditional migratory routes.
3. Changes in habitat availability due to climate change can lead to population declines.
4. Increased frequency of extreme weather events can threaten migratory bird survival.
5. Climate change can affect food availability, impacting birds’ health and reproductive success.

2. What is the significance of the Great Indian Bustard in Rajasthan’s ecosystem? Explain its conservation status.

1. The Great Indian Bustard is a flagship species, indicating the health of grassland ecosystems.
2. It plays important role in maintaining ecological balance by controlling insect populations.
3. Conservation status is critically endangered due to habitat loss and hunting pressures.
4. Efforts include habitat protection, breeding programs, and legal protections against poaching.
5. Community awareness and involvement are essential for successful conservation initiatives.

3. Comment on the role of pesticides in agricultural practices and their effects on wildlife.

1. Pesticides are used to protect crops but can have harmful effects on non-target wildlife.
2. They can contaminate food and water sources, leading to poisoning in birds and other animals.
3. Long-term exposure can disrupt reproductive and neurological functions in wildlife.
4. Integrated pest management (IPM) practices can reduce pesticide reliance and mitigate risks.
5. Awareness and regulation are crucial to minimize pesticide impacts on ecosystems.

4. Explain the measures taken to control avian flu outbreaks in poultry and wild bird populations.

1. Surveillance and monitoring of bird populations to detect early signs of infection.
2. Quarantine protocols for affected areas to prevent virus spread.
3. Vaccination programs for poultry to enhance resistance against avian flu strains.
4. Public awareness campaigns to educate on biosecurity measures in farms and habitats.
5. Collaboration between veterinary and wildlife authorities to manage outbreaks effectively.