In a fresh revelation that has caught the attention of environmentalists worldwide, a study conducted by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) reveals a surprising resilience among blackbucks in India. Despite the severe decline in grassland habitats across India, data indicates an upward trend in blackbuck population numbers compared to the recent past, demonstrating their successful adaptation to various natural and human-induced challenges to their survival.
Understanding the Blackbuck Species
The Blackbuck, scientifically known as Antilope cervicapra, is a species of antelope native to India and Nepal. Predominantly found in regions such as Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, and other parts of peninsular India, this diurnal antelope species is known for its activity during the day and is often regarded as an emblem of grassland ecosystems.
Symbolic Importance and Recognition
The blackbuck enjoys high cultural significance and recognition in India. It is declared as the State Animal of Punjab, Haryana, and Andhra Pradesh. Within Hinduism, the blackbuck’s skin and horns are considered sacred objects, making it a symbol of purity. Simultaneously, Buddhism perceives the blackbuck as a harbinger of good fortune.
Protection Status of the Blackbuck
According to the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, the blackbuck falls under Schedule I. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categorizes the blackbuck as ‘Least Concern’, while the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) has classified it under Appendix III.
Threats Faced by the Blackbuck Species
Despite these classifications, the blackbuck faces several challenges to its survival. These include habitat fragmentation, deforestation, natural calamities, and illegal hunting.
Efforts for Blackbuck Conservation
India has made substantial efforts towards preserving these indigenous species. Protected areas such as the Velavadar Blackbuck Sanctuary in Gujarat, the Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu, and the Tal Chhapar Sanctuary in Rajasthan are dedicated to preserving the natural habitats of these antelopes. In a significant development in 2017, the Uttar Pradesh State Government approved a plan to establish the Blackbuck Conservation Reserve in the trans-Yamuna belt near Prayagraj. This move marked the creation of the first conservation reserve dedicated entirely to the blackbuck.
Relevant UPSC Civil Services Examination Questions
In the previous year’s UPSC Civil Services Examination, a question related to protected areas was asked. The question concerned the conservation of a sub-species of the Indian swamp deer (Barasingha) that thrives well on hard ground and is exclusively graminivorous. The correct answer was Kanha National Park, which is known for its conservation efforts to revive the population of the Hard Ground Swamp Deer, the state animal of Madhya Pradesh. Through measures like captive breeding and habitat improvement, the previously dwindling deer population now numbers around 800 in the park.
