Approximately a century and a half ago, northern giraffes were moved from Africa to British colonies. The journey of these giraffes is an untold story of colonial transfers. Today, giraffes are still a point of fascination due to their unique physiological characteristics, eating habits, geographical spread, and conservation status.
Physiology: The Unique Characteristics of Giraffes
Giraffes fall under the genus Giraffa and are part of the four species recognized. These mammals are known for their long necks, cud-chewing habits, long legs, and a coat pattern of irregular brown patches on a light background. They are the tallest land animals, with males growing up to 5.5 metres and females reaching about 4.5 metres. Their long, prehensile tongues allow them to feed on foliage almost six metres above the ground. Giraffes generally reach full height at four years of age but continue to gain weight until they are seven or eight years old. Adult males can weigh up to 1,930 kg, while females can weigh up to 1,180 kg. Besides, both male and female giraffes have horns, though males possess other bony protuberances on the skull.
Giraffe’s Eating Habits
Giraffes primarily consume new shoots and leaves, specifically favouring those from the thorny acacia tree. They usually get the necessary water from their food; however, they are forced to drink every three days during dry seasons.
Geographical Location and Spread of Giraffes
Commonly seen in grasslands and open woodlands, giraffes are native to East Africa. In India, a notable captive herd of northern giraffes (29 individuals) can be found at the Alipore Zoological Garden in Kolkata. An interesting fact is that the giraffes here are most likely the Nubian or the Rothschild giraffe, as indicated by recent genealogical research.
Spotlight on Indian Giraffes: The Nubian and Rothschild Subspecies
The Nubian giraffe was once widespread throughout northeast Africa, earning it the title of the nominate subspecies. However, over the past three decades, an alarming 95% decline in the population of Nubian Giraffe has been recorded. The Rothschild’s giraffe, another subspecies found in India, stands out for its unique colouring and height. As one of the tallest giraffe subspecies, it grows up to 6m tall and is easily recognizable since its markings stop halfway down their legs.
Conservation Status: Threats to Giraffe Populations
The decline in giraffe populations underscores the urgent need for conservation efforts. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List has categorized the Nubian giraffes as Critically Endangered and the Rothschild giraffe as Endangered due to their dwindling numbers. Conservation strategies are required to ensure their survival and prevent the loss of these iconic and ecologically important species.
