The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has made a significant find at the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve in Madhya Pradesh. The discovery of Buddhist caves and stupas dating back to the 2nd-5th centuries have shed new light on the Mahayana sect of Buddhism.
Buddhist Caves and Their Remains
The ASI unearthed 26 Buddhist caves, believed to be from the Mahayana Buddhism era. These caves, typified by their ‘Chaitya’ (rounded) doors and stone beds, are indicative of traditional Mahayana Buddhism sites.
Inscriptions in Brahmi text
24 inscriptions in the ancient Brahmi text were also found in these sites, dating back to the same period. These inscriptions provide references to places such as Mathura, Kaushambi, Pavata, Vejabharada, and Sapatanaairikaa, and mention kings Bhimsena, Pothasiri, and Bhattadeva.
Temple Remains and Varaha Sculpture from the Kalachuri Period
The archaeological dig revealed the remains of 26 temples from the Kalachuri period, which spanned from the 9th to the 11th centuries. A striking sculpture of Varaha was found, possibly the largest Varaha sculpture in the world. Varaha is one of the 10 incarnations of Lord Vishnu. Two Saiva mutts were also discovered.
Gupta Period Remains
Remnants from the Gupta period, including door jambs and carvings in caves, were also found at the site.
About Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve
Declared a National Park in 1968 and a Tiger Reserve in 1993, the Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve has significant historical importance. Ancient texts such as the ‘Narad Pancharatra’ and the ‘Shiv Purana’ mention its connection with Ramayana. The Bandhavgarh Fort, a masterpiece from the Treta Yuga, is a notable landmark. Geographically it lies on the northeastern border of Madhya Pradesh at the northern edges of the Satpura mountain ranges and hosts over 20 streams that eventually merge into the Son River.
Biodiversity at Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve
The core zone of the park is home to numerous tigers, along with more than 22 mammalian species and over 250 bird species. Among the fauna found here are the Asiatic Jackal, Bengal Fox, Sloth Bear, Striped Hyena, Leopard, Tiger, Wild Pigs, Nilgai, Chinkara, and Gaur.
Role of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
The ASI, under the Ministry of Culture, is the prime organization for archaeological research and protecting the country’s cultural heritage. Founded in 1861 by Alexander Cunningham, also known as the “Father of Indian Archaeology”, ASI manages more than 3650 ancient monuments, archaeological sites, and national remains. ASI conducts surveys of antiquarian remains, excavations of archaeological sites, and conservation efforts to maintain the integrity of these protected monuments.