Recent developments in the Indian military aviation sector have marked an important milestone with the inauguration of the C-295 aircraft manufacturing plant in Vadodara. This facility, established by Tata Advanced Systems Ltd (TASL) in collaboration with Airbus, represents India’s first private sector final assembly line for military aircraft. The C-295 is set to replace the ageing Avro-748 planes, enhancing the operational capabilities of the Indian Air Force (IAF).
Background of the C-295 Aircraft
The C-295 is a tactical transport aircraft originally produced by Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA, now part of Airbus. The IAF’s decision to procure 56 units of the C-295 stems from a strategic necessity to modernise its fleet. The deal, valued at approximately Rs 21,935 crore, was signed in September 2021, with the first 16 aircraft to be delivered from Spain, while the remaining 40 will be assembled in India.
Manufacturing and Delivery Timeline
The manufacturing timeline is critical to understanding the C-295’s integration into the IAF. The first 16 aircraft are scheduled for delivery between September 2023 and August 2025. The indigenous production of the first aircraft in India is expected to commence in September 2026, with the complete delivery of all 56 aircraft anticipated by August 2031. Notably, this project is expected to generate substantial employment opportunities in the region.
Technical Specifications
The C-295MW boasts impressive specifications, including a payload capacity of 5 to 10 tonnes and a maximum speed of 480 km/h. Its design features a rear ramp door, facilitating rapid troop and cargo deployment. The aircraft is particularly adept at short take-off and landing (STOL) from semi-prepared surfaces, making it suitable for diverse operational environments. With a cabin length of 12.7 metres, it can accommodate up to 71 personnel, making it one of the most versatile transport aircraft in its class.
Indigenous Contributions
A aspect of the C-295 project is the indigenous content involved in its production. The aircraft will be equipped with an electronic warfare suite developed by Bharat Electronics Ltd and Bharat Dynamics Limited, marking a substantial step towards self-reliance in defence manufacturing. Former Defence Secretary Ajay Kumar brought into light that 96% of the aircraft’s assembly work in Spain will be replicated in India, showcasing the project’s commitment to local manufacturing.
Operational Versatility
The C-295’s operational roles extend beyond mere transport. It is capable of casualty evacuation, special missions, disaster response, and maritime patrol duties. Its ability to operate from short airstrips as short as 2,200 feet enhances its tactical flexibility, allowing for effective deployment in varied terrains, from jungles to deserts and cold climates.
Global Operational History
Globally, the C-295 has demonstrated its capabilities in diverse environments, operating in challenging terrains such as the jungles of Brazil, the mountains of Colombia, and the deserts of Algeria. Its performance in military operations across regions like Chad, Iraq, and Afghanistan puts stress on its reliability and adaptability as a tactical transport solution.
Questions for UPSC:
- Discuss the significance of the C-295 aircraft in the context of India’s defence modernization.
- What are the key technical specifications of the C-295 and how do they enhance its operational capabilities?
- Analyse the impact of indigenous manufacturing on India’s defence sector, particularly in relation to the C-295 project.
- Evaluate the roles that the C-295 can perform and their implications for the Indian Air Force.
- Examine the global operational history of the C-295 and its relevance to India’s strategic interests.
