Dragon Fruit: A Thriving Super Fruit in India
India is turning its attention to the cultivation of dragon fruit, a “super fruit” known for an array of health advantages. The Centre, recognizing its nutritional benefits and rising global demand, is focusing on promoting its growth. This move could potentially lead to an expansion of dragon fruit farming in India.
Introduction to Dragon Fruit
The dragon fruit, also known as pitaya, pitahaya, or strawberry pear, grows on the Hylocereus cactus, colloquially known as the Honolulu queen. Originating from southern Mexico and Central America, this fruit has found its way to farms worldwide. Currently, Mizoram leads the Indian states in the cultivation of this fruit. The two most common variants of the fruit are characterized by their bright red skin with green scales, alongside their white or red pulp filled with black seeds. Apart from being recommended for diabetic patients, this low-calorie fruit contains nutrients like iron, calcium, potassium, and zinc.
Largest Producer of Dragon Fruit
Vietnam holds the title of the world’s largest producer and exporter of dragon fruit, attributed to the French who introduced the plant in the 19th century. Known as ‘thanh long’ or ‘dragon’s eyes’, the Vietnamese name provides insight into its English counterpart. However, Vietnam is not alone in cultivating this super fruit. Countries like the USA, Malaysia, Thailand, Taiwan, China, Australia, Israel, and Sri Lanka also contribute to its global production.
Characteristics of Dragon Fruit
Dragon fruit plants are unique in that their flowers are hermaphrodites, containing both male and female organs. These nocturnal plants can yield fruit for more than 20 years and are celebrated for their high nutraceutical properties and contributions to value-added processing industries. The fruit provides a rich source of vitamins and minerals.
Climate Conditions for Growing Dragon Fruit
According to the Indian Council of Agriculture Research, dragon fruit plants do not require large amounts of water, making them suitable for dry land cultivation. Despite their initially high cultivation cost, these plants thrive in non-productive, less fertile areas, making them valuable for optimizing such lands.
State Government Initiatives for Dragon Fruit Cultivation
Several state governments have initiated steps to encourage dragon fruit farming. The Gujarat government renamed the fruit as ‘kamlam’ (lotus) and is incentivizing farmers to cultivate it. Similarly, the Haryana government offers grants to farmers willing to grow this exotic fruit variety. Maharashtra’s government, through the Mission on Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH), promotes dragon fruit cultivation by providing high-quality planting material and subsidies in different areas of the state.
