The recent archaeological excavation has led to a significant finding in Pattadakal, Karnataka state. The unearthed graves of the Chalukyan rulers shed light on their hitherto unknown residential places and their discrete interment practices. The Chalukyan Dynasty, renowned for erecting colossal temples featuring intricate architecture at sites like Aihole, Badami, and Pattadakal, left behind no documents or concrete evidence regarding their lives.
Historical Background of Chalukyan Rulers
The Chalukya Dynasty exerted control over certain parts of Southern and Central India from the 6th to the 12th century. It saw three related but distinct divisions: Badami Chalukyas, Eastern Chalukyas, and Western Chalukyas. Badami Chalukyas, the earliest of them, held their reign from mid-6th century up to 642 AD with their capital at Badami in Karnataka. The decline ensued post the death of their most powerful king, Pulakesin II. Following King Pulakesin II’s demise, Eastern Chalukyas emerged in Eastern Deccan with Vengi as their capital, reigning until the 11th century. Western Chalukyas, the descendants of Badami Chalukyas, came into power in the late 10th century with their ruling center at Kalyani.
Pinnacle of Chalukyan Dynasty and Their Administration
The Chalukyan Dynasty attained its prime under the rule of Pulakesin II. He succeeded in asserting dominance over the Kadambas, the Gangas of Mysore, the Mauravas of North Konkan, the Latas of Gujarat, the Malavas, and the Gurjars. Even the Chola, Chera, and Pandya kings were compelled to submit under his regime. He was victorious over King Harsha of Kannauj and Pallava king Mahendravarman and maintained cordial relations with Khusru II, the king of Persia.
The Chalukya administration consisted of a formidable army inclusive of an infantry, cavalry, elephant units, and a dominant navy. Even though their reign was fundamentally Hindu, they displayed tolerance towards Buddhism and Jainism. They substantially contributed to Kannada and Telugu literature development and minted coins adorned with Nagari and Kannada legends.
Architectural Excellence of Chalukyan Dynasty
The Chalukyas were known for their cave temples that represented religious and secular themes alike, complete with exquisite mural paintings. Their architectural marvels are a testament to the Vesara style, blending Dravida and Nagara styles. Aihole temples, Badami temples, and Pattadakkal Temples stand as evidences of their profound impact on architecture.
| Place | Known For |
|---|---|
| Aihole temples | Lady Khan temple (Surya Temple), Durga temple, Huchimalligudi temple, etc. |
| Badami temples | Significant Chalukyan architectural brilliance |
| Pattadakkal Temples | UNESCO World Heritage site known for rock-cut temples, Virupaksha temple, and Sangameshwara Temple exhibiting Dravida style. |
The Legacy of The Chalukyan Dynasty
Uncovered graves of the Chalukyan rulers give us a glimpse into their lives, their covert rituals surrounding death, and their living locations. The discreet tombs suggest an intention to keep their demise a secret, enriching the mysterious legacy of these rulers. Although there are no documents or explicit historical records from the Chalukyan Dynasty, their grand temples, coins, and contributions to literature provide significant insights into their reign.