The Centre has recently announced its decision to nominate the Charaideo Maidams in Assam for the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. This nomination seeks to acknowledge the rich cultural heritage of Northeast India, a region that currently doesn’t have any World Heritage Sites. The timing of this nomination coincides with the 400th birth anniversary celebrations of Lachit Borphukan, reinforcing its significance.
The Charaideo Maidams: A Reflection of the Late Medieval Mound Burial Tradition
Situated in the state of Assam, the Charaideo Maidams are historic burial mounds dating back to the late medieval period (13th-19th century CE). These mounds were associated with the Tai Ahom community and serve as the final resting place for members of the Ahom royalty. These royals were traditionally buried alongside their various possessions, reflecting an intrinsic part of Ahom culture and heritage.
This tradition underwent significant change after the 18th century when the introduction of Hindu cremation practices led to new rituals. The cremated remains of the deceased began to be entombed within a designated Maidam at Charaideo. Although there are 386 known Maidams or Moidams, the 90 royal burials at Charaideo represent the most well-preserved examples of Ahom mound burial traditions.
Understanding the Ahom Kingdom
Established in 1228 in the Brahmaputra valley of Assam, the Ahom kingdom enjoyed six centuries of sovereignty before being annexed to British India in 1826 under the Treaty of Yandaboo. It was founded by Chaolung Sukapha, a 13th-century ruler, who managed to suppress the older political system controlled by landlords, known as bhuiyans.
Ahom society was divided into clans, or khels, with each khel controlling multiple villages. Although the Ahoms worshipped their tribal gods, they embraced the Hindu religion and adopted the Assamese language, while holding onto their traditional beliefs.
The kingdom’s military strategy included infantry, navy, artillery, elephantry, cavalry, and spies, with soldiers specializing in guerilla fighting. The Ahom army employed various weapons ranging from bows, arrows, swords, Javelins discus to guns, match-locks, and cannons.
Who was Lachit Borphukan?
Born on 24th November, 1622, Lachit Borphukan is historically known for his leadership during the Battle of Saraighat in 1671. His strategic abilities successfully prevented Mughal forces from capturing Assam.
Fought on the banks of the Brahmaputra in Guwahati, the Battle of Saraighat was a landmark event involving one of the greatest naval battles on a river that led to the victory of the Ahoms over the Mughals.
Borphukan’s naval strategies played a key role in strengthening India’s naval force and revitalising inland water transport. His heroism and sacrifices continue to inspire current and future defence personnel, with the Lachit Borphukan gold medal being awarded to the best cadet from the National Defence Academy since 1999.