The recent announcement that Bangladesh is due to receive nearly a USD 1 billion loan from China for a comprehensive project relating to the Teesta River has raised significant interest. This management and restoration effort aims to enhance river basin efficiency, control floods and address recurring summer water shortages in Bangladesh.
Located in the Himalayas near Chunthang, Sikkim, the Teesta River runs south through West Bengal in India before crossing into Bangladesh where it becomes a tributary of the Brahmaputra, known locally as Jamuna. Covering floodplains across Sikkim and draining about 2,800 sq km of Bangladesh, the river is a critical resource for both nations.
Teesta’s Role in India-Bangladesh Relations
The distribution of the Teesta River’s waters has been a longstanding point of contention between India and Bangladesh. Bangladesh’s request for a fair and equitable sharing agreement mirroring the Ganga Water Treaty of 1996 has not yet been resolved. In contrast, the recent construction of a suspension bridge over the Teesta River by India’s Border Roads Organisation signals notable infrastructural development in the region.
The state of West Bengal, which plays a significant role in this transboundary agreement, is yet to endorse the deal. The delay illustrates the considerable influence individual states can exert in India over international policymakers.
Bangladesh-China Relations: Trade, Defense and More
Meanwhile, China continues to consolidate its bilateral relations with Bangladesh, establishing itself as the country’s largest trading partner and main source of imports. Trade between the two nations amounted to USD 18 billion in 2019.
China’s recent decision to impose zero duty on 97% of imports from Bangladesh underscores their existing economic relationship, while its commitment to a financial aid package worth around USD 30 billion demonstrates long-term fiscal support.
The two nations are also connected by defense ties; China is the leading arms supplier to Bangladesh, providing various equipment, including tanks, missile launchers, and fighter aircraft.
India-Bangladesh Relations: Strong Ties and Ongoing Disagreements
Despite any tension caused by the Teesta dispute, India and Bangladesh share a robust relationship, having cooperated extensively since 2008. This partnership has resulted in mutual benefits, particularly in trade and development projects.
However, disagreements over India’s proposed National Register of Citizens and the Citizenship Amendment Act have strained their relationship. Bangladesh has also voiced concerns about border-related violence.
Looking Ahead: The Teesta Project and Regional Progress
The Teesta project signifies a key development in regional water management and diplomacy. As China continues to extend its influence in Bangladesh, India needs to maintain vigilance regarding any potential challenges emanating from this relationship.
Addressing the Teesta issue promptly and effectively is crucial for India to ensure the preservation of its friendly ties with Bangladesh. Timely action will not only prevent the exacerbation of anti-India sentiment within Bangladesh but also contribute to the sustained development of both nations.
