The Central Insecticides Board and Registration Committee (CIBRC) has recently proposed a ban on the use of antibiotics streptomycin and tetracycline in agriculture, sparking various discussions on the significance of this decision. This article aims to shed light on the reasons behind this recommendation and the potential impacts.
The Registration Committee’s Recommendations
The Registration Committee (RC), a sub-organisation of the CIBRC, has recommended an immediate ban on the use of the antibiotics streptomycin and tetracycline for crops where alternative bacterial disease control methods can be utilised. The RC suggests that where no alternatives are available, the usage of these antibiotics should be gradually eliminated by the end of 2022. Meanwhile, both antibiotics can be used strictly as per their label claim, namely streptomycin sulphate (9%) and tetracycline hydrochloride (1%). The RC also acknowledged the possibility of managing crop diseases through integrated pest management and other approaches.
Issues Arising from Antibiotics Usage
Despite the clearance of streptocycline usage for eight crops by the CIBRC, it was discovered that the antibiotic was being widely used beyond its approved application. Overexposure to antibiotics can result in the development of antibiotic resistance in humans and animals, posing a serious health concern.
The Importance of Streptomycin
Streptomycin is highly valuable in the medical field, particularly in the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) patients, including those who have been previously treated, those resistant to multiple drugs, and even certain cases of TB meningitis (brain TB). The World Health Organization recognises streptomycin as a critically important medicine for human use.
Integrated Pest Management Approach
Integrated Pest Management is an ecosystem-focused strategy aimed at preventing long-term damage caused by pests through a blend of tactics, including biological control, habitat manipulation, changing cultural practices, and using resistant varieties. This approach only resorts to pesticides after monitoring and according to established guidelines. The main aim is to eliminate only the target organism while minimising risks to human health, beneficial and non-target organisms, and the environment.
Role of Central Insecticides Board & Registration Committee
Established by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare in 1970, the CIBRC regulates the import, manufacturing, sale, transport, distribution, and use of insecticides under the Insecticides Act, 1968, and the Insecticides Rules, 1971. The Central Insecticides Board (CIB) provides technical advice to the Central and State Governments pertaining to the administration of the Insecticides Act and performs other functions assigned under the Insecticides Rules. To import or manufacture any insecticide requires registration with the Registration Committee.
While the decision to phase out the usage of these antibiotics in crops is still under consideration, it is evident that such a move would have significant implications on both health and agricultural sectors. As such, a balanced approach, considering both the benefits and potential hazards associated with these antibiotics, is crucial.