2nd October is a significant day in the annals of India’s history, marking the birth anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri, the second Prime Minister of India. Born on 2nd October, 1904, Shastri served the nation during one of the most tumultuous times, offering courageous leadership and inspiring the nation with his famous slogan ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan.’ This article offers an insight into this eminent leader’s life, achievements, and challenges.
Early Life and Role in Freedom Movement
Lal Bahadur Shastri was born in Mughalsarai, a small railway town just seven miles from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh. His journey toward national service began in 1930 when he became actively involved in the freedom movement. His education was at the Kashi VidyaPeeth in Varanasi, among the many national institutions that defied British rule. The term ‘Shastri,’ which was essentially a bachelor’s degree awarded to him by the Vidya Peeth, became an integral part of his identity in the public mind.
Shastri’s Time in Union Cabinet and Premiership
Shastri served as a Union Cabinet minister from 1951 to 1956, resigning in the wake of a railway accident for which he took responsibility. He later returned to serve again between 1957 and 1964. Following the end of this stint, Shastri ascended to the post of Prime Minister in 1964, making him the second person to hold this position in the history of independent India. His tenure lasted until 1966.
Challenges and Achievements During Shastri’s Premiership
Shastri’s brief timeline as Prime Minister was marked by grave challenges. India was grappling with the economic aftermath of the war with China (1962). Meanwhile, failed monsoons led to drought and a major food crisis. In addition, India faced another war – this time with Pakistan in 1965. Under Shastri’s leadership, the nation confronted these challenges boldly, guided by his inspirational slogan ‘Jai Jawan Jai Kisan.’
Major Agreements and Posthumous Recognition
His premiership abruptly concluded with his unexpected demise on 10th January 1966 in Tashkent, then a part of USSR and currently the capital of Uzbekistan. He was there to sign the Tashkent Agreement with Muhammad Ayub Khan, the then President of Pakistan, to formally end the war. During his term as Prime Minister, Shastri also signed an agreement with Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1964 concerning the people of Indian origin in the country. This agreement underscored the importance he placed on maintaining good relations with neighbouring countries.
Lal Bahadur Shastri was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1966, becoming the first individual to receive this highest civilian honor after death. His legacy continues to inspire generations with his dedication to public service, humility, and resolute courage.