Concerns Over Reduced Paddy Cultivation Area in India

The Government of India has announced plans to reduce the area for paddy cultivation by 5 million hectares. This decision aims to promote the cultivation of pulses and oilseeds. However, farmers and traders have raised concerns about the implications of this move. Critics argue that without adequate training, support, and safe seeds, both paddy and alternative crops may suffer.

Government’s Initiative and New Varieties

The Union Agriculture Minister recently launched two new paddy varieties developed using genome editing technology. These varieties, DRR Dhan 100 (Kamala) and Pusa DST Rice 1, aim to increase yield while conserving water. The government predicts that even with reduced cultivation area, paddy production will rise from 127.86 million tonnes to 135.84 million tonnes in the 2024-25 crop year.

Concerns from Farmers and Traders

Farmers have expressed that the shift in focus to pulses and oilseeds may lead to decreased rice availability and increased prices. Shankar Thakkar from the Confederation of All India Traders emphasised the need for training in modern farming techniques. He brought into light the importance of soil testing to determine the most suitable crops for cultivation.

Genome Editing Technology Explained

The new paddy varieties employ CRISPR-Cas technology, which makes precise changes to plant genes without introducing foreign DNA. This method is designed to enhance crop resilience and yield. However, scientists caution that there are still biosafety concerns regarding gene editing. The technology has not been fully optimised, which raises questions about potential unintended genetic consequences.

Implementation of ‘Minus 5 and Plus 10’ Formula

The government has introduced a formula termed ‘minus 5 and plus 10’. This suggests that reducing paddy cultivation by 5 million hectares should result in an increase in production of more than 10 million tonnes. The area freed from paddy will be allocated for pulses and oilseeds cultivation, aiming for a balanced agricultural output.

Future Implications for Agriculture

The shift in agricultural policy may have long-term effects on food security in India. If farmers do not receive sufficient support and education, the intended benefits of increased pulses and oilseeds production may not materialise. The success of this initiative largely depends on the government’s ability to provide necessary resources and training to farmers.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of genome editing technology on agricultural practices in India.
2. Explain the significance of training and support for farmers in modern agriculture. What are the potential consequences of neglecting these aspects?
3. What is the role of pulses and oilseeds in India’s agricultural landscape? How does their promotion affect food security?
4. What are the ethical considerations surrounding the use of CRISPR-Cas technology in crop development? Discuss with suitable examples.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of genome editing technology on agricultural practices in India.

1. Genome editing, particularly CRISPR-Cas, allows precise modifications in plant genes, potentially improving crop resilience and yield.
2. New paddy varieties developed through this technology aim to increase production while conserving water resources.
3. However, there are concerns about biosafety and unintended genetic consequences, as the technology is not fully optimized.
4. Farmers need training to effectively utilize these new varieties for better yields.
5. Overall, while genome editing can enhance agricultural practices, it requires careful implementation and monitoring to mitigate risks.

2. Explain the significance of training and support for farmers in modern agriculture. What are the potential consequences of neglecting these aspects?

1. Training equips farmers with modern techniques and knowledge for effective crop management and higher yields.
2. Support systems, such as access to safe seeds and resources, are crucial for successful adoption of new agricultural practices.
3. Neglecting training can lead to decreased productivity and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases.
4. Without proper support, the shift to pulses and oilseeds may fail, jeopardizing food security and farmer livelihoods.
5. Ultimately, a lack of training can result in economic instability and increased food prices, affecting consumers and farmers alike.

3. What is the role of pulses and oilseeds in India’s agricultural landscape? How does their promotion affect food security?

1. Pulses and oilseeds are essential for nutritional balance, providing protein and healthy fats in diets.
2. The promotion of these crops can diversify agriculture, reducing reliance on staple crops like rice.
3. Increased cultivation of pulses and oilseeds can enhance soil fertility through crop rotation, benefiting overall agricultural health.
4. However, if not managed properly, the shift may lead to decreased rice availability, impacting food security.
5. Strategically promoting these crops can stabilize food supply and prices, contributing to long-term food security in India.

4. What are the ethical considerations surrounding the use of CRISPR-Cas technology in crop development? Discuss with suitable examples.

1. Ethical concerns include potential unintended consequences of genetic modifications, affecting biodiversity and ecosystem balance.
2. There is debate over the labeling of CRISPR-edited crops, as consumers may prefer non-GMO produce.
3. Examples include public opposition to genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in various countries, leading to regulatory challenges.
4. Transparency in the research and development process is crucial to gain public trust and acceptance.
5. Balancing innovation with ethical responsibility is essential to ensure sustainable agricultural practices and food safety.