The recent news cycle has been focused on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railways (DHR), a British-era railway line placed firmly under the spotlight due to the Centre’s proposed monetisation plan. This iconic railway, well known for its breathtaking views and historical significance, has been a source of public concern as discussions about its potential commercial exploitation intensify.
Historical Significance of DHR
Constructed between 1879 and 1881 during the British colonial era, the DHR lies in the foothills of the majestic Himalayas in West Bengal. As an exceptional example of a hill passenger railway, the DHR stands as a testament to engineering creativity and innovation.
The railway, which started operations in 1881, was designed to tackle the multitude of challenges posed by the mountainous landscape. Overcoming these obstacles required innovative solutions, resulting in a rail link of unmatched aesthetic and functional brilliance that still captivates people today.
In recognition of its historical, cultural, and engineering significance, the DHR was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999.
Other Mountain Railways as World Heritage Sites
In addition to DHR, two other Indian mountain railways have also achieved the prestigious status of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The unique Nilgiri Mountain Railways, nestled in Tamil Nadu’s Nilgiri Hills, gained this recognition in 2005. Similarly, the Kalka Shimla Railway, tucked away in the Himalayan foothills of Himachal Pradesh, earned its World Heritage Site designation in 2008.
About UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a location distinguished by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for its outstanding cultural or physical significance. These sites are curated and managed under the ‘World Heritage Programme,’ an international initiative overseen by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.
In order to safeguard these global gems, UNESCO adopted the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1972. This crucial treaty serves as the basis for the identification and preservation of World Heritage Sites all over the world.
The culturally vibrant country of India is home to a total of 40 World Heritage Sites. Of these, 32 have been recognized for their cultural richness, seven for their remarkable natural beauty, and one is listed as a mixed site. Most recently, in 2021, Dholavira in Gujarat and the Ramappa Temple in Telangana were pronounced as new additions to the list of World Heritage Sites in India.
