The recent political controversy that unfolded in Punjab related to the use of the term “Panj Piare” for political leaders has brought the term and its history into focus. Recognized as symbols of firmness and dedication, the Panj Piare or Five Beloved, hold a revered status in Sikh tradition. This article delves into the origins, contributions, and importance of the Panj Piare, as well as the establishment of the Khalsa Order and other relevant aspects related to this integral part of Sikh culture.
Origins of Panj Piare
The concept of Panj Piare originated under the leadership of Guru Gobind Singh, the last of the ten Gurus in Sikhism, on the day of Baisakhi in 1699 during the foundation of the Khalsa, a special group of Sikh warriors. To preserve the cultural values, Guru Gobind Singh sought five men ready to sacrifice their lives for him and his cause. Despite initial hesitancy, five volunteers emerged. These individuals wielded significant authority and decision-making power within the community, as demonstrated when Guru Gobind Singh received baptism from them. The first five Panj Piare played a crucial role in shaping Sikh history and defining Sikhism. Their names were Bhai Daya Singh, Bhai Dharam Singh, Bhai Himmat Singh, Bhai Muhkam Singh, and Bhai Sahib Singh.
Contributions of Panj Piare
The Panj Piare made significant spiritual and societal contributions. They vowed to combat adversaries on the battlefield and fight inner egoism through humility, serving humanity, and striving to eradicate caste. The Panj Piare performed the first Amrit Sanchar (Sikh initiation ceremony), baptizing Guru Gobind Singh and around 80,000 others during the Baisakhi festival in 1699. They were also instrumental in aiding Guru Gobind Singh and the Khalsa during the siege of Anand Purin, and assisted in the guru’s escape from the Battle of Chamkaur in December 1704.
Functioning of Panj Piare
The Panj Piare’s unanimous decisions have to be obeyed by the entire community. For instance, even the Akal Takht Jathedar cannot make any unilateral decisions – every decree from the Akal Takht must carry the signatures of all five Jathedars or their representatives.
The Khalsa Order
Guru Gobind Singh established the Khalsa order, promoting the key Sikh virtues of dedication, social consciousness, and commitment. The Khalsa, comprising men and women who strictly follow the Sikh Code of Conduct, wear the prescribed physical symbols of faith, such as Kesh (uncut hair), Kangha (a wooden comb), Kachera (cotton underpants), Kara (an iron bracelet), and Kirpan (an iron dagger).
Battle of Chamkaur
The Battle of Chamkaur, a three-day combat between the Khalsa led by Guru Gobind Singh and the coalition forces of the Mughals and Rajput hill chieftains, took place from 21st to 23rd December in 1704. Guru Gobind Singh refers to this battle in his victory letter, Zafarnama.
Akal Takhat Jathedar
Akal Takhat Sahib, meaning eternal throne, is part of the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar. Its foundation was laid by Guru Hargobind Ji, the sixth Sikh Guru. The leader of a Jatha (a community) is called a Jathedar. In Sikhism, a Jathedar is a religious leader leading a Takht, a holy and authoritative seat. The Sikh clergy comprises five Jathedars, each from the five takhts or sacred seats.
Through this detailed exploration into the origins, roles, and contributions of the Panj Piare, their ongoing significance in Sikhism remains clear. Their enduring status and their role in shaping Sikh history and culture continue to resonate even today.
