Copper Plates Unveiled From Vijayanagara Empire Era

Archaeological discovery was made when a set of copper plates from the reign of Devaraya I of the Sangama Dynasty was revealed. The unveiling took place at Falcon Coins Gallery in collaboration with the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). These plates, written in Sanskrit, Kannada, and Nāgarī characters, are very important as they were issued during Devaraya I’s coronation. They provide an authentic glimpse into the history of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Historical Context

The copper plates date back to Saka 1328, corresponding to November 5, 1406 CE. They are unique because they feature the image of Vamana, a deviation from the traditional Varaha insignia associated with the empire. The plates document the genealogy of the Sangama Dynasty, tracing its lineage from Chandra, Yadu, and Sangama to his five sons – Harihara, Kampa, Bukka, Mãrapa, and Muddapa.

Significance of the Plates

These plates are historically as they confirm the coronation date of Devaraya I, which was previously unverified. K. M. Reddy, Director of Epigraphy at ASI, emphasised their importance in providing authentic historical data directly from the kings. The plates also record the grant of the village of Gudipalli and two hamlets to Brahmins during the coronation.

Details of the Land Grant

The land grant included the village of Gudipalli, renamed Devaräyapura-agrahāra. It was divided into 61 shares allocated among various Brahmin communities. The distribution was meticulous, with specific shares assigned to Rigvedins, Yajurvedins, and Shukla-Yajurvedins, along with allocations for deities Somanatha and Janardhana.

Discovery and Preservation Efforts

The copper plates were discovered through a coin collection acquired by Falcon Coins Gallery. The gallery’s Managing Director, Kirti Parekh, noted the importance of these plates in shedding light on the Vijayanagara Empire. ASI has taken steps to preserve such artefacts and encourages the public to report historical items for documentation and conservation.

Questions for UPSC –

1. Discuss the role of the Vijayanagara Empire in shaping South Indian history.
2. Critically examine the significance of epigraphy in understanding ancient Indian dynasties.
3. Explain the socio-economic structure of the Vijayanagara Empire with suitable examples.
4. What is the importance of archaeological discoveries in reconstructing historical narratives? Discuss.

Answer Hints:

1. Discuss the role of the Vijayanagara Empire in shaping South Indian history.

1. The Vijayanagara Empire was established in the 14th century and became a major political and cultural force in South India.
2. It promoted trade, agriculture, and urbanization, leading to economic prosperity in the region.
3. The empire is known for its patronage of art and architecture, exemplified by the ruins of Hampi.
4. It played important role in resisting Islamic invasions, thus maintaining Hindu culture and traditions.
5. The empire’s administrative innovations influenced subsequent South state of Indias and governance.

2. Critically examine the significance of epigraphy in understanding ancient Indian dynasties.

1. Epigraphy provides direct evidence of historical events, rulers, and social structures through inscriptions.
2. It helps in dating events accurately, as seen with the coronation date of Devaraya I confirmed by the copper plates.
3. Inscriptions often reveal linguistic, cultural, and religious practices of the time.
4. They serve as primary sources for reconstructing the political and economic history of ancient dynasties.
5. Epigraphy aids in understanding the relationships between different dynasties and their territorial claims.

3. Explain the socio-economic structure of the Vijayanagara Empire with suitable examples.

1. The socio-economic structure was hierarchical, with the king at the top, followed by nobles, warriors, and commoners.
2. Agriculture was the backbone of the economy, supported by irrigation systems and land grants to Brahmins.
3. Trade flourished with connections to foreign markets, evidenced by the bustling commerce in Hampi.
4. The empire had a diverse population, including various castes and communities contributing to its cultural richness.
5. Craftsmanship and art were highly valued, as seen in the intricate temple architecture and metalwork of the period.

4. What is the importance of archaeological discoveries in reconstructing historical narratives? Discuss.

1. Archaeological discoveries provide tangible evidence of past civilizations, filling gaps in historical records.
2. They help verify or challenge existing narratives based on literary sources, enhancing our understanding of history.
3. Findings like the copper plates offer vital information about governance, culture, and daily life in ancient societies.
4. Archaeology contributes to the preservation of heritage, encouraging a sense of identity and continuity in communities.
5. Such discoveries often stimulate public interest and awareness about history, encouraging further research and exploration.