In the recent news, it has been found that some patients infected with Covid-19 are also suffering from Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS), a rare autoimmune disorder. This correlation between the two conditions is gaining attention in medical circles and is being further investigated.
Understanding Guillain Barre Syndrome
Guillain Barre Syndrome, or GBS, is a rare autoimmune disorder where the patient’s immune system starts attacking its own nerves. The exact triggers of GBS are still under investigation, but according to the World Health Organisation (WHO), it often follows an infection. This can be either bacterial or viral in nature. Certain vaccines or surgical procedures might also lead to the onset of this syndrome.
In the past, it has been observed that patients who suffered from diseases like Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Zika virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Herpes virus, and Campylobacter jejuni have shown GBS symptoms.
The GBS Connection with Covid-19
When a patient gets infected with the coronavirus, their immune system, in a bid to eliminate the virus, may inadvertently start attacking its own peripheral nervous system. This system of nerves connects the brain and spinal cord (i.e. central nervous system) to other parts of the body. Consequently, this self-attack can hamper limb functions.
Generally, it’s observed that there is an interval of about 5-10 days between the onset of GBS symptoms and Covid-19 infection. However, some doctors suggest that it could take weeks after getting Covid-19 for a person to develop GBS.
Symptoms of Guillain Barre Syndrome
The most common symptoms of GBS include weakness or tingling sensations, typically starting in the legs and potentially spreading to the arms and face. Patients may also experience difficulty with facial movements, including speaking, chewing or swallowing. Other symptoms include double vision, rapid heart rate, and fluctuating blood pressure.
Complications of Guillain Barre Syndrome
GBS could lead to severe complications such as respiratory failure, which is considered the most severe outcome. Other complications include weakness affecting walking ability and limb movement.
Treatment for Guillain Barre Syndrome
The current standard treatments for GBS are Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and Plasma therapy.
About Campylobacter jejuni
Campylobacter jejuni, which often leads to campylobacteriosis, is among the most common bacterial infections in humans. It’s typically foodborne and causes symptoms such as bloody diarrhea or dysentery syndrome, accompanied by cramps, fever, and pain.
Understanding the Herpes Virus
The herpes simplex virus (HSV) is responsible for herpes, a condition characterized by sores or blisters that form in or around the mouth or genitals. Other symptoms can include fever and fatigue. This correlation between GBS, Covid-19, and other diseases continues to be a crucial area of study in the medical world.
