The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India has recently issued show cause notices to fourteen thermal power plants that have failed to comply with the deadline set on December 31, 2019 for limiting emissions of sulphur dioxide. The CPCB holds the authority to enforce stringent fines or cease operations under the Environment Protection Act, 1986 provisions.
India’s Phased Approach to Limit Emissions from Thermal Plants
India has adopted a phased tactic with an intention to limit the emission of Particulate Matter (PM), Sulphur Dioxide, and Nitrous Oxide from thermal power plants. This approach mandates coal-fired units to implement measures to curtail pollution by December 2022. Estimates by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) suggest this could lead to a substantial reduction in PM emissions by approximately 35%, NOx emission by nearly 70%, and SO2 emissions by over 85% by 2026-27. This is as opposed to a scenario with no pollution control technologies in place.
Additional Compliance Requirements for Delhi
Thermal power plants within a 300km radius of Delhi were required to comply with these regulations by December 31, 2019. This stems from concerns about the poor air quality in the city and its adjoining Gangetic plain. However, it appears only a few units have initiated the process to incorporate flue-gas desulphurisation technology.
Understanding Flue Gas Desulfurization Technology
Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) is a crucial technology used to eliminate sulphur dioxide (SO2) from exhaust flue gases originating from fossil-fuel power plants. Flue gas refers to the combination of gases that are produced when fuel is burnt or other materials are used at power stations and industrial plants. These gases are then extracted through ducts.
A Closer Look at the Central Pollution Control Board
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. It was established in 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. In addition to its initial responsibilities, the CPCB was granted powers and functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Its role is pivotal in monitoring and managing pollution levels across the country.