Crocodile Counting in Gujarat’s Vishwamitri River

The Vishwamitri River in Vadodara, Gujarat, recently underwent counting exercise for its crocodile population. Conducted over two days, the event concluded on February 6, 2025. The analysis of the collected data is ongoing, and results will be shared once ready. This initiative marks the unique ecosystem present in an urban environment.

Vishwamitri River Overview

The Vishwamitri River originates from Pavagadh Hill and flows approximately 200 kilometres into the Gulf of Khambhat. It traverses a 25-kilometre stretch through Vadodara, home to about three million residents. Despite being affected by sewage and industrial pollution, the river supports a population of mugger crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris).

Crocodile Population Count

Traditionally, the forest department conducts crocodile counts. However, this year, the GEER Foundation, a government-funded NGO, took the lead. The counting involved collaboration with local universities, volunteers, and wildlife enthusiasts. This collective effort aims to ensure accurate data collection and analysis.

Methodology of the Count

The counting process involved both diurnal and nocturnal surveys. Teams were formed to cover the river’s urban stretch, divided into nine zones. Each zone varied in size from one to two kilometres. The nocturnal count leveraged the crocodiles’ eye shine for visibility, increasing the accuracy of sightings.

Team Composition and Data Collection

Each team consisted of members from the GEER Foundation, forest department officials, university volunteers, and non-profit representatives. Participants recorded sightings, including the number of crocodiles, their sizes, and behaviours. Additional observations included other wildlife such as freshwater turtles and monitor lizards.

Environmental Significance

The presence of crocodiles in the Vishwamitri River indicates a resilient ecosystem. Despite urban challenges, these reptiles thrive, showcasing the importance of biodiversity in urban settings. Their survival reflects the need for effective conservation strategies amidst pollution and habitat alteration.

Future Implications

The ongoing analysis will provide valuable vital information about the crocodile population dynamics. About these trends is crucial for conservation efforts. It also emphasizes the need for sustainable urban planning that accommodates wildlife habitats.

Community Involvement

The involvement of local communities and students in the counting exercise encourages a sense of responsibility towards wildlife conservation. Engaging the public in such initiatives raises awareness and promotes environmental stewardship.

Research and Conservation Efforts

The data collected will contribute to broader research on urban wildlife. It will aid in developing conservation strategies tailored to urban rivers. This project exemplifies the collaboration between government bodies, NGOs, and academia in wildlife preservation.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of urbanisation on wildlife habitats, using the Vishwamitri River as a case study.
2. Explain the significance of community involvement in wildlife conservation efforts with suitable examples.
3. What are the challenges faced by urban rivers in India? Discuss their implications on biodiversity.
4. Comment on the role of NGOs in wildlife research and conservation. How do they complement government efforts?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of urbanisation on wildlife habitats, using the Vishwamitri River as a case study.

1. Urbanisation leads to habitat fragmentation, reducing the natural space available for wildlife.
2. The Vishwamitri River, despite pollution and urban encroachment, supports a population of mugger crocodiles, indicating resilience.
3. Pollution from sewage and industrial waste affects water quality and biodiversity in urban rivers.
4. Urban development can lead to increased human-wildlife conflict, impacting both species and local communities.
5. Conservation efforts, like the crocodile count, highlight the need for integrating wildlife protection in urban planning.

2. Explain the significance of community involvement in wildlife conservation efforts with suitable examples.

1. Community involvement encourages a sense of ownership and responsibility towards local wildlife and habitats.
2. The crocodile counting initiative engaged local volunteers and students, enhancing awareness and education about biodiversity.
3. Participation in conservation projects can lead to increased public interest and support for environmental policies.
4. Local communities can provide valuable knowledge about wildlife and ecosystems, aiding conservation efforts.
5. Successful examples include citizen science projects where locals contribute data for research and monitoring.

3. What are the challenges faced by urban rivers in India? Discuss their implications on biodiversity.

1. Urban rivers often suffer from pollution due to industrial discharge and sewage, affecting aquatic life.
2. Encroachment and habitat destruction lead to loss of biodiversity and species extinction risks.
3. Invasive species can thrive in altered ecosystems, outcompeting native wildlife.
4. Urbanization increases water demand, affecting river flow and habitats crucial for wildlife survival.
5. Climate change exacerbates these challenges, leading to unpredictable weather patterns impacting river health.

4. Comment on the role of NGOs in wildlife research and conservation. How do they complement government efforts?

1. NGOs often fill gaps in resources and expertise, providing specialized knowledge in wildlife conservation.
2. The GEER Foundation’s role in the crocodile count exemplifies how NGOs can lead initiatives that involve community participation.
3. They can raise public awareness and advocate for policy changes to protect wildlife habitats.
4. NGOs frequently collaborate with government departments, enhancing the effectiveness of conservation strategies.
5. Research conducted by NGOs can inform government policies and lead to more sustainable environmental practices.