Cyclone Alfred

As of early March 2025, Cyclone Alfred poses threat to Australia’s east coast. This cyclone is unusual due to its formation in a southern region and its slow movement. Both characteristics heighten the risk to densely populated areas. The Bureau of Meteorology has classified Alfred as a category 2 storm with winds reaching 95 kilometres per hour.

About Cyclone Alfred

Cyclone Alfred is currently moving towards southeast Queensland. Areas like Brisbane, Gold Coast, and Sunshine Coast are in the cyclone’s path. This cyclone is particularly alarming as it is rare for such storms to impact southern Australia. The last cyclone to affect the Gold Coast was in 1974.

Characteristics of Cyclones

Tropical cyclones develop over warm ocean waters, leading to violent winds and heavy rainfall. According to the World Meteorological Organisation, cyclones form when a low-pressure system develops, causing warm, moist air to rise and spin due to Earth’s rotation. Cyclones are classified when wind speeds exceed 63 kilometres per hour.

Factors Contributing to Cyclone Alfred’s Unusual Path

Alfred’s trajectory has been influenced by a high-pressure system over the Tasman Sea. This system has caused the cyclone to shift westward toward populated regions. The steering winds are weak, contributing to Alfred’s slow movement. This slow pace increases the potential for intense rainfall and coastal damage.

Impact of Slow Movement

The slow movement of Cyclone Alfred is concerning. A slower cyclone can lead to prolonged rainfall, increasing the risk of flooding and coastal erosion. Once a cyclone makes landfall, it generally loses intensity. However, if it moves slowly, it can maintain its strength and moisture supply longer.

Climate Change and Cyclone Patterns

While it is difficult to attribute Cyclone Alfred directly to climate change, there is evidence that climate change has led to more erratic cyclone patterns. Increased ocean temperatures may contribute to the formation and intensity of storms.

Preparedness and Response

Given the potential impact of Cyclone Alfred, local authorities are urging residents to prepare for severe weather conditions. This includes securing property and staying informed through weather updates. Emergency services are on standby to respond to any incidents caused by the cyclone.

Historical Context of Cyclones in Australia

Historically, cyclones have primarily affected northern Australia. The unusual occurrence of a cyclone in the south raises concerns about changing weather patterns. The population density in southeastern Australia means that any cyclone poses a higher risk to life and infrastructure.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically discuss the implications of climate change on cyclone patterns globally.
2. Examine the socio-economic impacts of tropical cyclones on coastal communities.
3. What is the role of high-pressure systems in altering cyclone trajectories? Explain.
4. Analyse the preparedness measures required for urban areas facing tropical cyclones.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically discuss the implications of climate change on cyclone patterns globally.

1. Climate change leads to warmer ocean temperatures, increasing cyclone intensity.
2. Erratic weather patterns result in cyclones forming in atypical regions.
3. Increased moisture in the atmosphere can lead to heavier rainfall during cyclones.
4. Climate change may alter the frequency and duration of cyclone seasons.
5. Global warming impacts atmospheric circulation, influencing cyclone paths.

2. Examine the socio-economic impacts of tropical cyclones on coastal communities.

1. Tropical cyclones can cause property damage, leading to economic loss.
2. Displacement of communities disrupts local economies and livelihoods.
3. Infrastructure damage can hinder access to essential services like healthcare.
4. Recovery efforts are often costly and can strain local and national budgets.
5. Psychosocial impacts, such as trauma and stress, affect community well-being.

3. What is the role of high-pressure systems in altering cyclone trajectories? Explain.

1. High-pressure systems can redirect cyclones away from their expected paths.
2. They create barriers that influence the steering winds affecting cyclone movement.
3. Strong high-pressure areas can slow down cyclones, prolonging their impact.
4. High-pressure systems can also intensify or weaken cyclones depending on their positioning.
5. About these systems is crucial for accurate cyclone forecasting.

4. Analyse the preparedness measures required for urban areas facing tropical cyclones.

1. Establishing early warning systems to alert residents of impending storms.
2. Improving infrastructure resilience to withstand high winds and flooding.
3. Conducting community drills to ensure readiness and effective evacuation plans.
4. Providing resources and information for emergency preparedness to residents.
5. Enhancing coordination among emergency services for timely response and recovery.