Cyclone Chido Devastates Mayotte and Surrounding Regions

Cyclone Chido struck the French territory of Mayotte in early 2024, causing widespread destruction and loss of life. The cyclone, classified as a category 4 storm, brought winds exceeding 220 kph, leading to catastrophic damage across the island. Officials reported a death toll that may reach into the thousands, denoting the cyclone’s severe impact on the impoverished territory.

Overview of Cyclone Chido

Cyclone Chido formed in the southwestern Indian Ocean. It made landfall on Mayotte, causing extensive damage to infrastructure. The cyclone’s strong winds and heavy rainfall resulted in flattened neighbourhoods and widespread power outages. Mayotte’s Prefect François-Xavier Bieuville described the event as the worst cyclone in 90 years.

Impact on Mayotte

The cyclone affected Mayotte’s slums the most. Many informal structures were destroyed, leaving residents in dire conditions. The French government has deployed rescue teams and supplies to assist the affected population. Reports indicate that the death toll is expected to rise as recovery operations continue.

Response and Rescue Operations

France has initiated an air and sea bridge to deliver aid to Mayotte. Military aircraft and ships are transporting supplies and rescuers to the island. The French Interior Ministry has dispatched police and gendarmerie officers to maintain order and prevent looting amid the crisis.

Broader Regional Effects

After hitting Mayotte, Cyclone Chido moved towards Mozambique. Authorities warned that over 2 million people could be affected in northern Mozambique. The cyclone has already caused damage to homes and essential services, with fears of further flooding and landslides.

Recurring Cyclone Threats

The cyclone season in the southwestern Indian Ocean typically runs from December to March. Recent years have seen an increase in the frequency and intensity of cyclones. Past cyclones, like Idai and Freddy, resulted in thousands of deaths and widespread humanitarian crises, particularly in southern Africa.

Climate Change Connection

Studies indicate that climate change is exacerbating the severity of cyclones. Poor countries like those in southern Africa often bear the brunt of these disasters despite contributing minimally to global warming. There is a growing call for assistance from wealthier nations to help these vulnerable regions cope with climate-related challenges.

Health Risks Post-Cyclone

Following cyclones, stagnant water can lead to outbreaks of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dengue fever, and malaria. The risk of health crises increases in the aftermath of such natural disasters, necessitating urgent medical and humanitarian responses.

Future Preparedness

The devastation caused by Cyclone Chido puts stress on the need for improved disaster preparedness in vulnerable regions. Enhanced infrastructure and effective emergency response plans are essential to mitigate the impacts of future cyclones.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the socio-economic impacts of Cyclone Chido on the population of Mayotte.
2. What measures can be implemented to improve disaster resilience in vulnerable regions like Mayotte? Discuss.
3. Estimate the role of climate change in the increasing frequency of cyclones in the Indian Ocean region.
4. Point out the health risks associated with cyclones and suggest strategies for effective post-disaster health management.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the socio-economic impacts of Cyclone Chido on the population of Mayotte.

1. Widespread destruction of infrastructure, particularly in slums, exacerbating poverty.
2. Displacement of residents due to loss of homes, leading to humanitarian crises.
3. Increased mortality and injuries, straining local health services.
4. Economic disruption from damage to businesses and loss of livelihoods.
5. Dependence on external aid and support from the French government for recovery.

2. What measures can be implemented to improve disaster resilience in vulnerable regions like Mayotte? Discuss.

1. Strengthening infrastructure to withstand severe weather, focusing on housing and essential services.
2. Implementing early warning systems and community training for disaster preparedness.
3. Establishing emergency response plans and efficient resource allocation for quick recovery.
4. Promoting sustainable development practices to reduce vulnerability to natural disasters.
5. Enhancing collaboration between local and international agencies for better support and resources.

3. Estimate the role of climate change in the increasing frequency of cyclones in the Indian Ocean region.

1. Climate change is linked to rising sea temperatures, which intensify storm systems.
2. Increased atmospheric moisture contributes to more severe rainfall and flooding.
3. Changing weather patterns lead to unpredictable cyclone paths and intensities.
4. Studies indicate a trend of more frequent and powerful cyclones in recent decades.
5. Vulnerable regions are disproportionately affected despite contributing minimally to global emissions.

4. Point out the health risks associated with cyclones and suggest strategies for effective post-disaster health management.

1. Stagnant water post-cyclone increases the risk of waterborne diseases like cholera.
2. Disruption of healthcare services complicates disease management and treatment access.
3. Psychological stress and trauma from disasters can impact mental health.
4. Strategies include rapid deployment of medical teams and supplies to affected areas.
5. Public health campaigns to educate communities on disease prevention and hygiene practices.