Decline in Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir

Since 2019, Jammu and Kashmir has experienced an important reduction in terrorism-related incidents. This decline is attributed to the policies implemented by the Narendra Modi government following the abrogation of Article 370. The Union Home Ministry has reported a decrease of over 70 per cent in such incidents. Despite this positive trend, threats from militant groups remain a concern.

Context of Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir

The abrogation of Article 370 on August 5, 2019, resulted in the reorganisation of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union territories. This change placed law and order directly under the central government. The government prioritises civilian safety, leading to strategic actions against terrorism.

Statistics on Terror-Related Incidents

In 2019, there were 286 reported terror incidents. This number plummeted to 40 by November 2024. Civilian casualties decreased from 50 in 2019 to just 14 in 2024. Attacks on civilians fell from 73 to 10 in the same period. The data reflects improved security measures and a focus on civilian protection.

Security Forces and Terrorism

The number of attacks on security forces has also decreased. From 96 incidents in 2019, the count dropped to just five in 2024. Casualties among security personnel fell from 77 in 2019 to seven in 2024. This trend indicates effective counter-terrorism strategies.

Terrorist Infiltration and Elimination

Attempts at infiltration have decreased dramatically from 141 in 2019 to three in 2024. However, the number of terrorists eliminated has also declined from 142 in 2019 to 44 in 2024. This suggests a need for renewed focus on eliminating remaining threats.

Broader Security Measures

The government aims to combat terrorism and related issues such as narcotics and cybercrime. The Narcotics Control Bureau is enhancing its capabilities to tackle drug smuggling. Cybercrime initiatives include establishing regional forensic labs and cybersecurity training. These measures are part of the broader Vision @ 2047 plan for a secure India.

Future Security Objectives

The Ministry of Home Affairs envisions a safe and prosperous India by 2047. This involves strong internal security, a transparent justice system, and effective border management. The focus remains on eliminating terrorist support networks and ensuring civilian safety.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of the abrogation of Article 370 on the security situation in Jammu and Kashmir.
2. Estimate the effectiveness of counter-terrorism strategies in reducing civilian casualties in Jammu and Kashmir since 2019.
3. Point out the key measures taken to combat narcotics trafficking in India. How do these measures relate to national security?
4. What is the significance of establishing regional cyber forensic laboratories? How do they contribute to combating cybercrime in India?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of the abrogation of Article 370 on the security situation in Jammu and Kashmir.

1. The abrogation on August 5, 2019, led to the reorganization of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union territories, placing law and order under central government control.
2. There has been a reported over 70% decline in terror-related incidents since 2019, indicating improved security measures.
3. Despite the decline, threats from militant groups like Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammad persist, denoting ongoing security challenges.
4. The focus on civilian safety has resulted in strategic actions against terrorism, reducing civilian casualties .
5. Overall, the abrogation has shifted the security dynamics, enabling more direct and effective counter-terrorism operations.

2. Estimate the effectiveness of counter-terrorism strategies in reducing civilian casualties in Jammu and Kashmir since 2019.

1. Civilian casualties decreased from 50 in 2019 to 14 in 2024, reflecting successful counter-terrorism strategies.
2. Attacks on civilians fell from 73 in 2019 to just 10 in 2024, indicating enhanced protective measures.
3. Increased emphasis on intelligence and surveillance has likely contributed to this reduction in casualties.
4. The government’s proactive approach, including legal actions against anti-India elements, has deterred potential attacks.
5. Overall, the statistics demonstrate an important improvement in civilian safety due to effective counter-terrorism efforts.

3. Point out the key measures taken to combat narcotics trafficking in India. How do these measures relate to national security?

1. The Narcotics Control Bureau is expanding its capabilities and footprint to tackle drug smuggling effectively.
2. Increased scanning of consignments at ports aims to intercept narcotics before they enter the market.
3. Coordination with law enforcement agencies enhances the effectiveness of anti-narcotics operations.
4. Combating narcotics trafficking is crucial for national security as it funds terrorism and destabilizes communities.
5. The measures are part of a broader strategy to ensure social stability and public safety, which are essential for national security.

4. What is the significance of establishing regional cyber forensic laboratories? How do they contribute to combating cybercrime in India?

1. Regional cyber forensic laboratories enhance the capacity to investigate and analyze cybercrime effectively.
2. They provide localized support to law enforcement agencies, improving response times to cyber incidents.
3. These labs facilitate training and skill development in cybersecurity, creating a knowledgeable workforce.
4. By improving the overall cyber ecosystem, they contribute to national security by safeguarding critical data and infrastructure.
5. The establishment of these labs aligns with the government’s vision for a secure digital environment, crucial in combating rising cyber threats.