Recent assessments reveal that air quality in Delhi has deteriorated , primarily due to local pollution sources rather than the anticipated external contributions from agricultural stubble burning. The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has brought into light that the transport sector is responsible for over half of the local pollution, underscoring a critical need for immediate action.
About PM2.5 and its Sources
PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres, which poses serious health risks. The latest analysis indicates that local sources, particularly vehicular emissions, contribute to PM2.5 levels. In fact, during the assessment period from mid-September to late October 2024, farm fires accounted for only 4.44% of PM2.5 levels, while local transport emissions dominated the pollution profile.
Traffic Congestion and Pollution
Congestion in Delhi has reached alarming levels, exacerbating air quality issues. Vehicles idling in traffic emit several times more pollutants than when moving at optimal speeds. The analysis noted congestion on major roads, contributing further to the city’s air quality crisis. This marks the urgent need for improved traffic management and public transport systems.
Regional Contributions to Pollution
While local sources are , pollution from surrounding regions also plays important role. Approximately 66% of PM2.5 levels stem from areas outside Delhi, including states like Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. This indicates that a comprehensive, regional approach is necessary to address air quality effectively.
Policy Implications and Required Actions
The findings call for stringent measures targeting local pollution sources. Key recommendations include: – Enhancing public transport to reduce reliance on personal vehicles. – Implementing stricter emissions controls for industries. – Promoting the use of clean fuels and transitioning away from solid fuels. – Increasing awareness and enforcement against waste burning and construction-related dust.
Technological Insights and Data Utilisation
The analysis utilised real-time data from various sources, including the Central Pollution Control Board and the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology. This data-driven approach provides a clearer understanding of pollution dynamics and can inform better policy decisions. The Decision Support System (DSS) offers vital information about the fractional contribution of various pollution sources, enabling targeted interventions.
Questions for UPSC:
- Discuss the impact of vehicular emissions on air quality in urban areas like Delhi.
- What measures can be taken to reduce PM2.5 levels in metropolitan cities?
- Evaluate the role of regional pollution sources in contributing to urban air quality crises.
- How can technology aid in monitoring and managing air quality effectively?
- What are the health implications of prolonged exposure to high PM2.5 levels?
