Discovery of New Wild Ginger Species in Odisha

In August 2024, researchers from Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University in Odisha announced the discovery of a new wild ginger species in the Similipal Biosphere Reserve. This finding marks the rich biodiversity of the region and the importance of conservation efforts.

Discovery

The new species, named ‘Zingiber jagannathii Sahu & Priyadarshini’, was identified by Dr. Sudam Charan Sahu and Ph.D. scholar Sifan Priyadarshini. They have studied the Zingiberaceae family in Odisha for three years. The discovery took place in a semi-evergreen forest at Kulipala, situated at an elevation of 758 metres. This species occupies less than one square kilometre.

Significance of the New Species

Naming the species after ‘Lord Jagannath’ reflects cultural significance. The researchers confirmed its uniqueness through detailed morphological analysis. The discovery could lead to vital information about its ecological role and potential medicinal properties, which may contribute to drug development.

Ecological Context of Similipal Biosphere Reserve

Similipal Biosphere Reserve is located in Odisha and spans two biogeographical regions. It features volcanic sedimentary rocks arranged in concentric rings. The highest peak, Khairiburu, reaches 1,168 metres. The area is home to diverse flora and fauna, with numerous waterfalls and perennial streams feeding major rivers like Budhabalang, Baitarani, and Subarnarekha.

Conservation Importance

The discovery of ‘Zingiber jagannathii’ puts stress on the ecological importance of the Similipal Biosphere Reserve. It marks the need for ongoing conservation efforts to protect unique habitats and biodiversity. Researchers are exploring further studies to understand the distribution and ecology of this new species.

Future Research Directions

Future research will focus on the distribution and ecological interactions of ‘Zingiber jagannathii’. The potential medicinal properties of this species warrant investigation. About its role in the ecosystem may provide vital information about broader conservation strategies.

Challenges and Threats

The unique habitats within Similipal face threats from deforestation and climate change. Conservation measures are crucial to safeguard the biodiversity of the region. Collaborative efforts among researchers, local communities, and policymakers are essential for effective preservation.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem services.
2. What are the ecological roles of biosphere reserves? Explain with suitable examples.
3. Discuss the significance of traditional knowledge in the conservation of biodiversity.
4. Explain the concept of biogeographical regions. How do they influence species distribution?

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem services.

1. Biodiversity supports ecosystem services such as pollination, nutrient cycling, and water purification.
2. Loss of species can disrupt food webs, leading to decreased resilience and stability of ecosystems.
3. Declining biodiversity can result in economic impacts, affecting industries like agriculture, fisheries, and tourism.
4. Increased vulnerability to climate change and natural disasters due to loss of ecosystem functions.
5. Conservation of biodiversity is essential for maintaining ecosystem health and sustainability.

2. What are the ecological roles of biosphere reserves? Explain with suitable examples.

1. Biosphere reserves promote conservation of biodiversity while allowing for sustainable development practices.
2. They serve as research sites for ecological studies and monitoring of environmental changes.
3. Examples include Similipal Biosphere Reserve, which protects unique species and habitats.
4. They facilitate education and awareness programs to engage local communities in conservation efforts.
5. Act as a refuge for endangered species and help maintain genetic diversity.

3. Discuss the significance of traditional knowledge in the conservation of biodiversity.

1. Traditional knowledge encompasses local practices and beliefs that promote sustainable resource management.
2. It plays a vital role in the conservation of indigenous species and ecosystems.
3. Communities often have vital information about local biodiversity that can inform scientific research.
4. Examples include the use of traditional medicinal plants, which can lead to drug discovery.
5. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern conservation strategies enhances biodiversity protection.

4. Explain the concept of biogeographical regions. How do they influence species distribution?

1. Biogeographical regions are areas defined by distinct ecological and geographical features that influence biodiversity.
2. They impact species distribution through climate, topography, and habitat availability.
3. For example, the Mahanadian east coastal region has specific flora and fauna adapted to its environment.
4. These regions can create barriers or corridors for species migration and gene flow.
5. About biogeographical regions helps in conservation planning and management of ecosystems.