Discovery of Strobilanthes Gigantra in Arunachal Pradesh

A new plant species named Strobilanthes gigantra was discovered in Arunachal Pradesh. This discovery marks the rich biodiversity of the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Strobilanthes gigantra is notable for its impressive size and distinctive floral features. This adds to the already number of Strobilanthes species found in the Eastern Himalayas.

Overview of Strobilanthes

The genus Strobilanthes belongs to the Acanthaceae family. It is the second largest genus in this family, with around 450 species worldwide. India is home to 167 species, primarily distributed across the Himalayas and Western Ghats. The Eastern Himalayas, particularly Arunachal Pradesh, is a biodiversity hotspot for this genus, hosting 41 known species.

Characteristics of Strobilanthes Gigantra

Strobilanthes gigantra is distinguished by its large size, with some specimens resembling trees. Its floral characteristics include densely imbricate bracts and an uninterrupted inflorescence. The corolla tube is slightly curved, and there are wings on the staminal curtain. These unique features make it an important addition to the genus.

Biodiversity Hotspot in Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh is important area for plant diversity in the Eastern Himalayas. The region is less explored, which often leads to the discovery of new species. The identification of Strobilanthes gigantra puts stress on the importance of conserving these lesser-known ecosystems.

Challenges in Identifying New Species

Many Strobilanthes species are monocarpic, meaning they flower only once before dying. This infrequent flowering makes it challenging to identify and classify new varieties. The rich yet understudied floristic diversity in the IHR continues to reveal novel species.

Importance of Conservation

The discovery of Strobilanthes gigantra marks the need for conservation efforts in the IHR. Protecting biodiversity hotspots is essential for maintaining ecological balance. Continued research and exploration are vital for understanding and preserving these unique ecosystems.

Implications for Botanical Research

The finding of Strobilanthes gigantra contributes to the growing body of botanical knowledge in India. It emphasizes the importance of ongoing research in lesser-explored regions. This discovery may lead to further studies on the ecological roles and potential uses of this species.

Questions for UPSC –

1. Critically examine the role of biodiversity hotspots in global conservation efforts.
2. Discuss the significance of the Acanthaceae family in the context of plant diversity.
3. Explain the concept of monocarpic plants. How does it affect their survival and reproduction?
4. With suitable examples, discuss the impact of climate change on biodiversity in the Indian Himalayan Region.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically examine the role of biodiversity hotspots in global conservation efforts.

1. Biodiversity hotspots are regions with high levels of endemic species and habitat loss, making them priority areas for conservation.
2. They help target conservation funding and resources effectively, focusing on areas that support unique flora and fauna.
3. Hotspots play a critical role in maintaining ecological balance and supporting ecosystem services, such as clean water and climate regulation.
4. Conservation in these areas can lead to the preservation of genetic diversity, which is essential for resilience against environmental changes.
5. Examples include the Amazon rainforest and the Himalayas, where conservation efforts have led to increased awareness and protection of unique species.

2. Discuss the significance of the Acanthaceae family in the context of plant diversity.

1. The Acanthaceae family includes around 4,000 species, showcasing diversity in morphology and ecological roles.
2. Members of this family are often adapted to various habitats, contributing to ecosystem stability and resilience.
3. Several species within Acanthaceae have medicinal, ornamental, and agricultural importance, denoting their economic value.
4. This family is crucial for pollinator attraction, supporting biodiversity through relationships with various animal species.
5. Research on Acanthaceae can lead to discoveries of new compounds beneficial for pharmaceuticals and agriculture.

3. Explain the concept of monocarpic plants. How does it affect their survival and reproduction?

1. Monocarpic plants flower and produce seeds only once in their lifetime, after which they die, which is a strategy for survival in certain environments.
2. This reproductive strategy can lead to a burst of seed production, ensuring species propagation even in harsh conditions.
3. However, their infrequent flowering can make them vulnerable to extinction, especially with habitat loss and climate change.
4. Monocarpic plants often invest heavily in a single reproductive event, which can limit genetic diversity if environmental conditions are unfavorable during that time.
5. Examples include bamboo species, which flower once every few decades, denoting the need for conservation efforts to protect these unique reproductive cycles.

4. With suitable examples, discuss the impact of climate change on biodiversity in the Indian Himalayan Region.

1. Climate change leads to habitat loss and fragmentation in the Indian Himalayan Region, affecting endemic species like the snow leopard and red panda.
2. Shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns disrupt plant flowering and fruiting cycles, impacting food availability for herbivores and their predators.
3. Increased glacial melt threatens freshwater resources, affecting aquatic biodiversity and communities reliant on these ecosystems.
4. Species migration towards higher altitudes in search of suitable habitats can lead to competition and displacement of native species.
5. Examples include the decline of alpine meadows and the endangered status of certain medicinal plants due to changing climatic conditions.