Diwan Todar Mal is figure in Sikh history. His actions during a tragic event involving the younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh have left a lasting legacy. The annual Shaheedi Jor Mela held in Fatehgarh Sahib district commemorates this history. The Aam Aadmi Party government has pledged support for the restoration of Jahaz Haveli, Todar Mal’s residence.
Who Was Diwan Todar Mal?
Diwan Todar Mal was a wealthy merchant from Sirhind. He served as a revenue official under Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. However, he was removed from his position by Aurangzeb. Todar Mal witnessed the execution of Sahibzada Fateh Singh and Sahibzada Zorawar Singh in 1704. These events occurred under the orders of Wazir Khan, the Mughal governor of Sirhind. Todar Mal’s bravery became evident when he claimed the bodies of the young Sahibzadas for cremation.
The Execution of the Sahibzadas
Sahibzada Fateh Singh and Sahibzada Zorawar Singh were only nine and seven years old when they were executed. They refused to convert to Islam despite Wazir Khan’s offers. Their grandmother, Mata Gujri, died from shock after learning of their deaths. The execution shocked the local community. Fear of Wazir Khan prevented others from performing the last rites until Todar Mal intervened.
The Land Transaction
Wazir Khan imposed strict conditions for the cremation. Todar Mal had to purchase the land for the cremation by covering it with gold coins placed vertically. Despite the exorbitant cost, he fulfilled the demands. This transaction is one of the most expensive of its time. Todar Mal cremated the boys and their grandmother with full honours, ensuring they received the respect they deserved.
Jahaz Haveli
Jahaz Haveli is a 17th-century structure that served as Todar Mal’s residence. Built from Nanakshahi bricks, it resembles a ship. The haveli has faced neglect over the years. In 2009, the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee took possession. Recently, efforts have been made to restore it to its original splendour. The restoration project is guided by a 1911 photograph.
Commemoration of the Sahibzadas
In 2022, the Government of India declared December 26 as “Veer Baal Diwas.” This day honours the bravery of Sahibzada Fateh Singh and Sahibzada Zorawar Singh. The recognition aims to preserve their memory and sacrifice in Sikh history.
Confusion Over Dates
There is confusion regarding the execution dates of the Sahibzadas. Historians used the lunar calendar, which is shorter than the Gregorian calendar. The shift to the Gregorian calendar in 1752 added to this discrepancy. This has led to varying accounts of the events surrounding their martyrdom.
Government Support for Heritage
The Punjab government has committed to collaborating with the SGPC and the Tourism and Archaeology Department for the restoration of Jahaz Haveli. The government’s involvement marks the importance of preserving Sikh heritage and history.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically examine the significance of Diwan Todar Mal’s actions during the martyrdom of the Sahibzadas.
- Discuss the impact of Wazir Khan’s rule on the Sikh community in the early 18th century.
- What is the importance of commemorating “Veer Baal Diwas”? Explain its relevance in contemporary society.
- With suitable examples, discuss the role of heritage sites in preserving cultural identity in India.
Answer Hints:
1. Critically examine the significance of Diwan Todar Mal’s actions during the martyrdom of the Sahibzadas.
- Diwan Todar Mal’s intervention allowed for the dignified cremation of the Sahibzadas, reflecting his courage and compassion.
- He defied Wazir Khan’s oppressive conditions, showcasing resistance against tyranny.
- His actions became a symbol of sacrifice and loyalty within the Sikh community.
- By honoring the memory of the Sahibzadas, Todar Mal contributed to the narrative of martyrdom and resilience in Sikh history.
- His legacy is commemorated through events like the Shaheedi Jor Mela, reinforcing the importance of remembrance in Sikh culture.
2. Discuss the impact of Wazir Khan’s rule on the Sikh community in the early 18th century.
- Wazir Khan’s rule was marked by severe oppression and persecution of Sikhs, leading to widespread fear and trauma.
- The execution of the Sahibzadas under his orders demonstrated the brutal lengths to which he would go to suppress dissent.
- His governance led to increased resistance among Sikhs, ultimately culminating in organized efforts against Mughal authority.
- Wazir Khan’s tyranny galvanized Sikh unity and identity, paving the way for future leaders like Baba Banda Singh Bahadur.
- The impact of his rule is still felt in Sikh narratives of martyrdom and resistance against oppression.
3. What is the importance of commemorating “Veer Baal Diwas”? Explain its relevance in contemporary society.
- “Veer Baal Diwas” honors the bravery and sacrifice of the Sahibzadas, reinforcing the values of courage and integrity.
- The day serves to educate younger generations about Sikh history and the principles of resistance against injustice.
- Commemoration encourages a sense of community and identity among Sikhs, promoting cultural pride.
- It marks the importance of standing firm against oppression, which resonates with contemporary global struggles for justice.
- Such observances encourage interfaith dialogue and understanding, contributing to social harmony in diverse societies.
4. With suitable examples, discuss the role of heritage sites in preserving cultural identity in India.
- Heritage sites like Jahaz Haveli serve as tangible links to historical events, preserving collective memory and identity.
- They provide educational opportunities, allowing communities to engage with their history and culture actively.
- Sites like the Golden Temple attract pilgrims and tourists, encouraging economic development while promoting cultural exchange.
- Restoration efforts of heritage sites, such as those for Jahaz Haveli, emphasize the importance of preserving legacy for future generations.
- Heritage sites often become focal points for community gatherings and celebrations, reinforcing social cohesion and cultural pride.
