The Department of Science and Technology (DST) has recently made headlines by approving the use of antiviral nano-coatings on masks designed to protect against Covid-19. These can be used on both Triple Layer Medical masks and N-95 respirators, as part of the larger Mission on Nano Science and Technology (MNST or colloquially, the Nano Mission).
Understanding Antiviral Nano-Coatings
The antiviral nano-coating in question is developed using N9 blue silver which is then altered to form nanocomplexes with Zinc (Zn, atomic number-30) compounds. This happens in the pursuit of a synergistic effect, which in turn increases their effectiveness. The next step entails applying these coatings to facemasks and other types of Personal Protection Equipment (PPEs).
These nano-coatings are incredibly effective, with a 99.99% success rate, and can simultaneously function on various levels. They have antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties and are self-cleaning. The application process is simple and versatile; the coatings can be sprayed or dipped onto different kinds of surfaces such as glass, metal, stone, textiles and plastics.
Experience in Antimicrobial Agents
The N9 blue nanosilver, a key component of the nano-coating, is an extremely powerful antimicrobial agent. It was developed by the SMITA Research Lab at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Delhi. Silver (Ag, atomic number-47) carries a robust antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses and fungi.
Experiments have shown that different strains of bacteria and viruses exhibit varying degrees of resistance or sensitivity when exposed to silver, thus confirming the metal’s resistance and toxicity towards them.
Before implementation, the shelf life of the coatings and their effectiveness under varying conditions like temperature, humidity, and time will be evaluated. Following this, masks and PPEs will be prepared and handed over to medical professionals for field trials.
Significance of Antimicrobial Nanoparticles
The introduction of highly efficient antimicrobial nanoparticles on masks and PPEs is expected to provide an additional layer of protection. This is particularly important in high-risk environments, such as those in which medical workers operate.
Details about the Mission on Nano Science and Technology
The Nano Mission was launched by the Indian Government in May 2007. It is an “umbrella capacity-building programme” aimed at promoting activities in the highly promising and competitive field of Nano Science and Technology. DST manages the program implementation.
The primary objectives of the mission include promoting basic research, infrastructure development, nano applications and technology development, human resource development, and fostering international collaborations.
Due to its consistent efforts, India now ranks among the top five nations worldwide in terms of scientific publications in the field of nano science and technology. In 2014, the Union Cabinet approved the continuation of the Nano Mission into Phase-II (2012-17), recognising its success and allocated ₹650 crore for the purpose.
The Nano Mission has led to the development of beneficial products like nano hydrogel-based eye drops, pesticide removal technology for drinking water, arsenic and fluoride removing water filters, nanosilver based antimicrobial textile coating, and more. The mission has also spearheaded national dialogues aimed at promoting R&D in developing standards for nanotechnology and establishing a National Regulatory Framework Road-Map for Nanotechnology (NRFR-Nanotech).
