India’s development strategy in 2025 places early childhood care at its core. The government, led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has redefined national priorities to focus on nurturing children in their formative years. Recognising that 85% of brain development occurs before age six, India is investing heavily in Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE). This shift is supported by scientific studies showing IQ gains from structured early learning. The Ministry of Women and Child Development has launched initiatives transforming Anganwadi Centres into vibrant early learning hubs. These efforts aim to build a smarter, healthier, and more productive future generation.
Significance of Early Childhood Development
Early years are critical to brain development. Research from CMC Vellore shows children receiving 18-24 months of ECCE gain up to 19 IQ points by age five. Nobel Laureate James Heckman’s work confirms early investment yields 13-18% economic returns. The government recognises that early learning shapes cognitive, emotional, and social skills essential for lifelong success.
Transformation of Anganwadi Centres
Anganwadi Centres have evolved from nutrition points to first schools. The Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi initiative trains workers in play-based ECCE using local materials. Budget for teaching aids has increased. Monthly ECCE days have been institutionalised. These centres now encourage curiosity, creativity, and holistic growth in children aged 3-6 years.
Introduction of Aadharshila Curriculum
Aadharshila is the National Curriculum for ECCE focusing on holistic child development. It balances intellectual, physical, emotional, and social growth through structured play. The 5+1 weekly plan includes free play, language and motor skill activities, rest, outdoor play, and value-building conversations. This approach aligns with the National Education Policy 2020 which raises formal school entry age to six.
Parental Engagement and Navchetna Framework
Navchetna is a national framework empowering parents to stimulate children aged birth to three with simple, play-based activities. It emphasises parental involvement as vital for development. The government acts as an equaliser for families with fewer resources, ensuring all children receive nurturing care. Navchetna complements Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi in creating supportive early learning environments at home and in communities.
Impact on National Development
Early childhood care is now a national priority. By investing in ECCE, India aims to build a foundation for a skilled and healthy workforce. The initiatives promote equity, ensuring every child, regardless of background, has access to quality early education. This strategy is vital for India’s vision of becoming a developed nation or Viksit Bharat.
Questions for UPSC:
- Taking example of India’s Early Childhood Care and Education initiatives, discuss the role of early education in national development and economic growth.
- Examine the impact of parental involvement in early childhood development and how government policies can enhance this participation.
- Analyse the significance of structured play in cognitive and social development of children and its implications for educational policy.
- Critically discuss the challenges and opportunities in implementing nationwide early childhood education programmes in diverse socio-economic contexts.
