The spotlight is on East Timor, or Timor Leste, as it recently conducted the second and final round of its presidential election. Known as the youngest democracy in Asia, this vibrant country has a rich history and a promising future.
Exploring East Timor’s History
East Timor was colonised by Portugal in the 18th century and remained under their rule until 1975. However, withdrawal by the Portuguese led to an invasion by Indonesian troops who annexed East Timor as their 27th province. This caused a long and violent struggle for independence, resulting in the death of at least 100,000 individuals.
In 1999, the United Nations supervised a referendum in which the East Timorese voted for independence. This decision led to even more violence until peace-keeping forces intervened. In 2002, East Timor gained official recognition from the United Nations and has since applied for membership to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), currently holding observer status.
Geographical Features of East Timor
Geographically, East Timor is located strategically, bordered by the Timor Sea, the Wetar Strait, the Ombai Strait, and Western Timor, which falls under Indonesian jurisdiction. The nation comprises the eastern half of Timor Island, with the other half being part of Indonesia.
With a land area of 15,000 square kilometres, slightly smaller than Israel, it is home to 1.3 million people, predominantly Roman Catholics.
A Look at East Timor’s Political System
Since independence nearly two decades ago, East Timor’s political landscape has seen familiar faces dominating both its presidential and parliamentary elections. The political system vests some executive powers in the President, including the appointment of ministers and dissolution of the parliament.
Economy of East Timor
Economically, East Timor primarily depends on its offshore oil and gas reserves that contribute to 90% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). An agreement with Australia allows for revenue sharing from the Greater Sunrise gas field, estimated to be worth about USD 65 billion.
However, the Bayu Undan gas field, a significant revenue source, is expected to deplete by 2023. In light of this, East Timor plans to collaborate with Australian companies to transform it into carbon capture facilities.
Overall, the republic of East Timor, as Asia’s youngest democracy, offers a profound blend of rich history, unique geography, dynamic political system, and a resource-rich economy. As it charts its path in the world, its journey will be one to watch. Source: IE