Recent studies highlight the connection between ecological threats and armed conflict. Climate change, food insecurity, and water scarcity are very important issues. The Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) reports that 1.3 billion people face severe ecological threats across 50 countries. Without international cooperation, ecological degradation will worsen, leading to malnutrition and forced migration.
About Ecological Threats
Ecological threats encompass climate change impacts, food shortages, and lack of water. These factors contribute to instability and conflict. Countries with high ecological risks and low societal resilience are particularly vulnerable. The IEP has identified 27 ecological hotspots, primarily in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East.
Investment in Infrastructure
Investment in water and agricultural infrastructure is crucial. The IEP suggests that targeted climate finance can yield transformative results. Enhancing water capture and agricultural practices can prevent conflicts. This approach also presents a compelling economic case for preventive investments.
Sub-Saharan Africa’s Challenges
Sub-Saharan Africa faces important challenges due to climate change. Its population is expected to nearly double by 2050, shifting from predominantly rural to urban. Currently, the region has the lowest crop yields globally. On average, farms produce only 1.7 tonnes of cereals per hectare, far below the global average.
Water Utilisation and Agricultural Potential
The region has untapped arable land and under-utilised water resources. However, only 2% of renewable water resources are used for agriculture. This is lower than the global rate. The lack of infrastructure to capture and distribute water during dry seasons hinders agricultural growth.
Investment Opportunities
Investing in water capture and agricultural enhancement could transform food production. An estimated annual investment of USD $15 billion could increase food production by 50% by 2050. The potential yield increase from adequately utilising available farmland is substantial, with an estimated annual value of USD $12.3 billion.
Call to Action for COP29
As COP29 approaches, the need for actionable insights is critical. The choice is clear – invest in proven solutions or face the consequences of inaction. Collaborative efforts are essential to implement effective strategies for climate finance.
Questions for UPSC:
- Examine the role of climate change in exacerbating food insecurity in developing nations.
- Discuss the implications of urbanisation in sub-Saharan Africa in the context of ecological sustainability.
- Analyse the relationship between water scarcity and conflict in regions facing ecological threats.
- Critically discuss the potential economic benefits of investing in agricultural infrastructure in high-risk ecological areas.
