Recent developments in India have raised serious questions about the integrity of the electoral process. Two major press conferences in August 2025 brought into light alleged manipulation of voter lists and the Election Commission of India’s (ECI) response. These events have stirred national debate on electoral transparency and constitutional authority.
Allegations of Voter List Manipulation
Rahul Gandhi, Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha, revealed irregularities in the Mahadevapura Assembly segment of Bangalore. His team’s research over six months found multiple voters registered at the same address, with incorrect or placeholder details such as ‘xyz’ for father’s name and ‘0’ for house number. These findings suggest possible tampering with voter lists during the 2024 general election. If true, these issues threaten the credibility of India’s democratic process.
Election Commission’s Unusual Response
The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) held a press conference ten days later, responding to the allegations. Instead of clarifying, the CEC challenged the LoP to provide sworn affidavits or apologise. This stance was seen as unusual and politically charged. The ECI’s role is to remain impartial and ensure free and fair elections. Issuing ultimatums is not part of its constitutional mandate under Article 324.
Constitutional Powers and Responsibilities of ECI
Article 324 of the Constitution of India grants the ECI wide powers to supervise electoral rolls and conduct elections. These powers are meant to safeguard the democratic process. The Supreme Court has described Article 324 as a reservoir of powers for free and fair elections. However, the ECI must exercise these powers judiciously and within the law, avoiding political entanglements.
Electoral Roll Revision Procedures
The Representation of the People Act, 1950, and the Registration of Electors Rules, 1960, govern electoral roll revisions. Rolls can be revised annually or specially for specific constituencies. Intensive revision requires fresh preparation of rolls and house-to-house enumeration. The qualifying date for revision is legally fixed as 1 January. Any deviation may violate the Act.
Special Intensive Revision in Bihar
The ECI is conducting a Special Intensive Revision (SIR) in Bihar ahead of Assembly elections. The SIR reportedly deleted 65 lakh voters from the rolls. However, the process has been criticised for legal infirmities, such as using a July 1 qualifying date instead of January 1. Intensive revision within a month raises doubts about the completeness of enumeration. This has sparked political unrest and legal scrutiny.
Supreme Court Intervention and Transparency
The Supreme Court issued an interim order requiring the ECI to publish names and reasons for voter deletions in Bihar. This move aims to enhance transparency and protect voter rights. It reflects judicial oversight to prevent misuse of constitutional powers and maintain electoral integrity.
Implications for Democracy
The ongoing controversy puts stress on the delicate balance between electoral authority and democratic accountability. The ECI’s independence and impartiality are vital for trust in elections. Allegations of manipulation and procedural irregularities can undermine public confidence. Constitutional safeguards and judicial checks remain crucial to uphold democracy.
Questions for UPSC:
- Critically analyse the role of the Election Commission of India under Article 324 in safeguarding democratic elections with suitable examples.
- What are the legal provisions for revision of electoral rolls in India? Explain the challenges in implementing these provisions effectively.
- Comment on the impact of electoral roll manipulation on the democratic process and voter rights in India.
- With suitable examples, explain the role of the Supreme Court of India in maintaining electoral transparency and protecting voter rights.
