Etikoppaka Bommalu

Etikoppaka Bommalu is a traditional wooden toy craft from the village of Etikoppaka in Andhra Pradesh. Celebrated recently during India’s 76th Republic Day, this craft showcases the region’s rich cultural heritage and commitment to sustainability. The toys, often depicting mythological figures and animals, are renowned for their exquisite craftsmanship and vibrant colours.

Historical Context

The origins of Etikoppaka Bommalu date back over 400 years. Artisans have honed their skills through generations. The craft reflects the artistic expressions of ancient Indian civilizations, with influences seen in the artefacts from Mohenjo Daro and Harappa.

Materials and Techniques

The primary material used is the wood of the Ankudu tree (Wrightia tinctoria). This tree provides soft and malleable wood ideal for intricate carvings. Artisans employ natural dyes sourced from plants, ensuring the toys are eco-friendly. The final touch involves a lacquer-turning technique, using lac resin for a safe, non-toxic finish.

Artistic Features

Etikoppaka toys are characterised by seamless curves and vivid colours. The artisans create a variety of items, including mythological characters, musical instruments, and household decorations. Each piece is crafted with meticulous attention to detail, preserving the tradition’s integrity.

Recognition and Impact

In 2017, Etikoppaka Bommalu received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. This recognition marks the craft’s authenticity and cultural significance. The toys have gained international attention, appealing to collectors and eco-conscious consumers.

Modern Relevance

As environmental concerns grow, the sustainable practices of Etikoppaka artisans resonate with modern values. The use of natural materials and traditional methods aligns with the global shift towards eco-friendliness.

Economic Contribution

The craft supports local economies by providing livelihoods to artisans. Increased demand for these toys has led to a resurgence in the craft. This not only preserves the tradition but also promotes cultural tourism in Andhra Pradesh.

Questions for UPSC:

1. Critically analyse the significance of Geographical Indication tags in preserving traditional crafts in India.
2. Explain the impact of sustainable practices in traditional crafts on contemporary environmental movements.
3. What are the historical influences seen in the artistic expressions of ancient Indian civilizations? Comment on their relevance .
4. With suitable examples, discuss the role of traditional crafts in supporting local economies and cultural identity.

Answer Hints:

1. Critically analyse the significance of Geographical Indication tags in preserving traditional crafts in India.

1. GI tags provide legal protection to traditional crafts, preventing unauthorized use and imitation.
2. They enhance the market value of crafts, ensuring fair compensation for artisans.
3. GI tags promote cultural heritage, encouraging the preservation of unique local techniques.
4. They boost tourism by attracting visitors interested in authentic cultural experiences.
5. GI recognition encourages community pride and encourages the younger generation to engage in traditional crafts.

2. Explain the impact of sustainable practices in traditional crafts on contemporary environmental movements.

1. Sustainable practices reduce environmental degradation by utilizing natural, eco-friendly materials.
2. They promote biodiversity by encouraging the use of local resources and traditional methods.
3. Traditional crafts often embody principles of recycling and upcycling, aligning with modern sustainability goals.
4. Artisans’ commitment to sustainability raises awareness about environmental issues within communities.
5. These practices can inspire contemporary artisans and industries to adopt more sustainable methods.

3. What are the historical influences seen in the artistic expressions of ancient Indian civilizations? Comment on their relevance.

1. Ancient Indian civilizations, like Mohenjo Daro and Harappa, influenced artistic techniques and themes in crafts.
2. Motifs from ancient artifacts are reflected in modern crafts, showcasing cultural continuity.
3. Artistic expressions often convey stories and values, preserving historical narratives for future generations.
4. They highlight the significance of craftsmanship in cultural identity and heritage.
5. About these influences can enhance appreciation and protection of traditional crafts .

4. With suitable examples, discuss the role of traditional crafts in supporting local economies and cultural identity.

1. Traditional crafts provide livelihoods for artisans, sustaining local economies (e.g., Etikoppaka toys in Andhra Pradesh).
2. They encourage community engagement and social cohesion through collective craftsmanship.
3. Crafts often reflect local culture, contributing to a unique cultural identity (e.g., Kutch embroidery in Gujarat).
4. They attract cultural tourism, generating revenue and promoting local businesses.
5. Traditional crafts can empower marginalized communities by providing economic opportunities and preserving their heritage.